Exam 1 - Sampling

Question 1

Name the term for obtaining information at acceptable costs.

Answer 1

EFFICIENCY

Question 2

Name the term for minimizing sampling error or the difference between sample estimates and population parameters.

Answer 2

ACCURACY

Question 3

What does IRB stand for?

Answer 3

Institutional Review Board

Question 4

Name the three functions of an IRB?

Answer 4

1) Safety of subject
2) Risk/benefit
3) F/U, communication

Question 5

Who can be on an Institutional Review Board?

Answer 5

Experts, researchers, community representatives

Question 6

_______ is the target to which investigators generate study results.

Answer 6

POPULATION is the target to which investigators generate study results.

Question 7

____ ___ ____ is the object being studied.

Answer 7

UNIT OF ANALYSIS is the object being studied.

Question 8

What are some examples of a unit of analysis?

Answer 8

Individual patients, groups, clinics

Question 9

What is the source of population that is used for the sample?

Answer 9

SAMPLING FRAME

Question 10

What is the term for a population characteristic?

Answer 10

PARAMETER

Question 11

What is the term for a sample characteristic?

Answer 11

STATISTIC

Question 12

____ ____ is the source of population that is used for the sample.

Answer 12

SAMPLING FRAME is the source of population that is used for the sample.

Question 13

Name the 2 types of sampling design.

Answer 13

1) Probability sampling

2) Non-probability sampling

Question 14

Which type of sampling design is unbiased?

Answer 14

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Question 15

T/F: Non-probability sampling is biased sampling.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Which type of sampling design do all the sampling units have a known, non-zero probability of being selected?

Answer 16

Probability sampling

Question 17

Which type of sampling design is the probability of selecting a sample unit not known?

Answer 17

Non-probability sampling

Question 18

____ ____ uses random procedures that are not haphazard or arbitrary.

Answer 18

PROBABILITY SAMPLING uses random procedures that are not haphazard or arbitrary.

Question 19

Does random sampling guarantee a representative sample?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

Will non-probability sampling represent the population of interest?

Answer 20

MAY OR MAY NOT

Question 21

What is the major concern of non-probability sampling?

Answer 21

Selection bias is not controlled

Question 22

Name four reasons why we would use non-probability samples?

Answer 22

1) More convenient
2) Less expensive
3) Less time consuming
4) Useful when probability sampling can not be used

Question 23

Name the four different types of probability sampling.

Answer 23

S - Simple random
S - Systemic
S - Stratified
C - Cluster

Question 24

What term describes that every unit in the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample?

Answer 24

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Question 25

When is Simple Random Sampling done?

Answer 25

When the population is homogeneous

Question 26

Which type of probability sampling occurs when every unit in the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample?

Answer 26

Simple random sampling

Question 27

What do the following describe: - Define the population of interest - Assign a number from 1 to N - Decide the desired sample size (n) - Select n random numbers between 1 and N - Collect and analyze the data

Answer 27

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Question 28

Which type of probability sampling selects every Kth unit after a random start?

Answer 28

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Question 29

Which type of probability sampling exhibits periodic bias?

Answer 29

Systematic Sampling

Question 30

Which type of probability sampling occurs when the population is divided into non-overlapping groups or categories (strata)?

Answer 30

STRATIFIED SAMPLING

Question 31

T/F: Stratified sampling uses simple random samples for each strata.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Name the 2 types of stratified sampling.

Answer 32

1) Proportional | 2) Disproportional

Question 33

Name the four types of non-probability sampling.

Answer 33

1) Convenience 2) Purposive 3) Snowball 4) Quota

Question 34

What does convenience sampling rely on?

Answer 34

Available subjects

Question 35

Who can be apart of convenience sampling?

Answer 35

People met on the street, volunteers, captive audiences

Question 36

T/F: Convenience sampling is not generally representative of the population.

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

Which type of sampling specifies desired characteristics and selects for a sample appropriate ratios of the population that fit the characteristics?

Answer 37

QUOTA SAMPLING

Question 38

T/F: Quota sampling is similar to stratified sampling.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Snowball sampling = ?

Answer 39

REFERRAL

Question 40

When is snowball/referral sampling useful?

Answer 40

When populations are difficult to identify or access

Question 41

When purposive sampling utilized?

Answer 41

When the sample size is small and simple random sampling may not represent the most representative elements

Question 42

Who selects elements in purposive sampling?

Answer 42

Experts