exam 1/road map Flashcards
anything that takes up space
matter
or ptotons or positive charge
elements
of protons determines
atomic #
this has more neutrons than protons in the nucleus
isotope
how atoms can combine
bonds
charged element/ ion
electrolyte
speeds up chemical reaction
catalyst
protein in catalyst
enzyme
what do the + and - charges make in the body
electricity
what bond is the sharing of an electron? also known as the strongest bond
covalent bond
what bond has the transferring of an electron?
ionic bond
what bond is fragile and constantly changing?
hydrogen bond
what does pH stand for and what does it tell you?
power of hydorgen; the more hydrogen= the more acidic
on the pH scale which numbers are more acidic? which ones are less acidic?
1-7, 7-14
what is a system in the body that defends the body from the the pH changing
buffers
what cannot leave the nucleus of a cell?
DNA
what organelle creates ATP or energy?
mitochondria
what organelle makes protein for the body?
ribosomes
what organelle makes protein for the cell?
free ribosomes
where are the fixed ribosomes found? where are the free ribosomes found?
fixed are found on the RER; the free are found floating around the cell
these are the “housekeepers” of the cell
lysosomes
what does semi-permeable mean
semi-permeable means the membrane controls what goes in and out of a cell
non-cancerous
benign
cancer/tumor soreads to tissue in same organ or area
malignant
piece of cancer travels through blood away from original cancer site
metastasis
cell-suicide
apoptosis
PROCESS of cell death
necrosis
what are carbohydrates made of?
carbs are made of glucose
what do we use glucose for?
fuel in our body
where is extra glucose stored?
liver and/or skeletal cells
what is the process of making glucose from proteins?
gluconeogenisis
whats another word for lipids? where are lipids found?
fats; found in liver
is LDL good or bad cholesterol? why is it good or bad?
bad; moves from liver to cells
is HDL good or bad cholesterol? why is it good or bad
good; the process starts in cells and picks up left over LDL that could be clogging an artery
what is the most abundant organic matter in the body
proteins
what is the protein used for?
almost every body function
can DNA leave nucleus
no
what does RNA do?
makes protein, sends message to mRNA
what does the mRNA do?
COPIES the DNA
what does the mRNA attach to?
riibosomes
what does tRNA do?
CONVERTS the copied code from mRNA
what does the ribosome do after the tRNA converts the copied code from the mRNA?
the ribosome makes the protein
what is the difference of meiosis and mitosis?
mitosis- normal cells duplicating each other(46 chromosomes)
meiosis- sex cells (13 chromosomes)
the dominant gene being expressed
genetic expression
change in genetic code
genetic mutation
