chemistry Flashcards
chemistry
study of matter
matter
anything that takes up space
name three states of matter
solid, liquid, and gas
element
matter composed of atoms that have the same number of proton charges in the nuclei
how many elements are required in a living organism? name the 4 basic elements needed and their symbol
carbon- C
Nitrogen-N2
oxygen-O2
hydrogen-H+
what are the basic untis of matter
atoms
what is an atom
an atom is the smallest unit of an element with that elements characteristics
what is the number of protons equal to in an atom
electrons
what is the atomic number
number of protons
what is the atomic mass
sum of protons and neutrons
isotope
different form of the same atom
difference between radioisotopes and radioactivity
radioisotopes- unstable isotopes(usually used to destroy cells
radioactivity- process of spontaneous breakdown(putting to much in nucleus
half-life
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value (ex :Chernobyl)
what is a chemical bond
electric attraction between atoms
what does an atom do if it has an ionic bond with another atom
donates a electron on it outer shell (has only one electron on outer shell) to another electron that has 7 electron on their outer shell (ex: NaCl)
what does an atom do if it has a covalent bond with another atom
two atoms join together and share the electrons on their outer shell (ex:O2)
what does an atom with a hydrogen bond do with another atom
a hydrogen bond is a temporary bond used to break and form easily. it switches between different atoms/elements
electrolyte
substance that forms ions when dissolved in water and acquires capacity to conduct electricity
give three examples of an electrolyte
salt, base, acid
name the two different ions and they’re charges
cation (+)
anion(-)
movement of what give body energy
ions
molecule
smallest physical unit of an element
compound
2 or more different elements
what is the interactions of atoms of molecules compounds to form new chemical compounds
chemical reaction
what is the definition of a catalyst
they speed up chemical reaction
enzymes
proteins that serve as catalysts
name an example of a enzyme
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
what does pH stand for
power of hydration
neutralization
changes in pH denature proteins
name which number is more acidic and and give examples for each number
|——-|——-|——-|——-|
0 3 7 10 14
0 is more acidic; 0= battery acid, 3=orange juice, 7=water, 10=baking soda, 14=drain cleaner
|——-|——-|——-|——-|
0 3 7 10 14
what is the normals range of pH in blood
7.35-7.45
energy is
the ability to perform work
conversion of energy is
forms easily converted (heat is normally made)
ATP is….
energy
mixture is
combination of two or more substances that can be seperated by an ordinary physical mean
suspension
particles that are too large in solution that tend to settle to bottom
colloidal suspension
particles remain suspended in in liquid even when shaken
solution
2 parts that remain evenly distributed
aqueous solution is what based
water-based
tinctures solution is what based
alcohol-based
precipitates
solids that are formed and fall out of a solution during chemical reactions
if a precipitate is made in a solution can you still give that medicine? why or why not?
no, because it could clog their IV for example or worse, hurt your patient
