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basic chemistry > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

chemistry

A

study of matter

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2
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space

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3
Q

name three states of matter

A

solid, liquid, and gas

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4
Q

element

A

matter composed of atoms that have the same number of proton charges in the nuclei

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5
Q

how many elements are required in a living organism? name the 4 basic elements needed and their symbol

A

carbon- C
Nitrogen-N2
oxygen-O2
hydrogen-H+

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6
Q

what are the basic untis of matter

A

atoms

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7
Q

what is an atom

A

an atom is the smallest unit of an element with that elements characteristics

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8
Q

what is the number of protons equal to in an atom

A

electrons

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9
Q

what is the atomic number

A

number of protons

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10
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

sum of protons and neutrons

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11
Q

isotope

A

different form of the same atom

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12
Q

difference between radioisotopes and radioactivity

A

radioisotopes- unstable isotopes(usually used to destroy cells
radioactivity- process of spontaneous breakdown(putting to much in nucleus

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13
Q

half-life

A

the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value (ex :Chernobyl)

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14
Q

what is a chemical bond

A

electric attraction between atoms

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15
Q

what does an atom do if it has an ionic bond with another atom

A

donates a electron on it outer shell (has only one electron on outer shell) to another electron that has 7 electron on their outer shell (ex: NaCl)

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16
Q

what does an atom do if it has a covalent bond with another atom

A

two atoms join together and share the electrons on their outer shell (ex:O2)

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17
Q

what does an atom with a hydrogen bond do with another atom

A

a hydrogen bond is a temporary bond used to break and form easily. it switches between different atoms/elements

18
Q

electrolyte

A

substance that forms ions when dissolved in water and acquires capacity to conduct electricity

19
Q

give three examples of an electrolyte

A

salt, base, acid

20
Q

name the two different ions and they’re charges

A

cation (+)

anion(-)

21
Q

movement of what give body energy

A

ions

22
Q

molecule

A

smallest physical unit of an element

23
Q

compound

A

2 or more different elements

24
Q

what is the interactions of atoms of molecules compounds to form new chemical compounds

A

chemical reaction

25
Q

what is the definition of a catalyst

A

they speed up chemical reaction

26
Q

enzymes

A

proteins that serve as catalysts

27
Q

name an example of a enzyme

A

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins

28
Q

what does pH stand for

A

power of hydration

29
Q

neutralization

A

changes in pH denature proteins

30
Q

name which number is more acidic and and give examples for each number
|——-|——-|——-|——-|
0 3 7 10 14

A

0 is more acidic; 0= battery acid, 3=orange juice, 7=water, 10=baking soda, 14=drain cleaner

|——-|——-|——-|——-|
0 3 7 10 14

31
Q

what is the normals range of pH in blood

A

7.35-7.45

32
Q

energy is

A

the ability to perform work

33
Q

conversion of energy is

A

forms easily converted (heat is normally made)

34
Q

ATP is….

A

energy

35
Q

mixture is

A

combination of two or more substances that can be seperated by an ordinary physical mean

36
Q

suspension

A

particles that are too large in solution that tend to settle to bottom

37
Q

colloidal suspension

A

particles remain suspended in in liquid even when shaken

38
Q

solution

A

2 parts that remain evenly distributed

39
Q

aqueous solution is what based

A

water-based

40
Q

tinctures solution is what based

A

alcohol-based

41
Q

precipitates

A

solids that are formed and fall out of a solution during chemical reactions

42
Q

if a precipitate is made in a solution can you still give that medicine? why or why not?

A

no, because it could clog their IV for example or worse, hurt your patient

basic chemistry (3 decks)

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