Exam 1 - Review Flashcards
___________ is the study of culture and what makes us human.
Anthropology
What are the four primary subfields of anthropology?
- Cultural
- Linguistic
- Biological
- Archeological
What is cultural relativism?
Viewing other culture’s from the native’s point of view
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that your culture is better/greater than any other culture
________ ________ is the opposite of ethnocentrism
Cultural relativity
What is tacit culture?
Subconscious (ex: body language, distance people stand when talking)
What is explicit culture?
Conscious, culture that is taught, expressed and spoken of, and anything you can be disciplined in. (ex: folklore and dress code)
As soon as you speak of tacit culture, it becomes ______ culture.
explicit
What are the two main/central principles of modern ethnography or socio-cultural anthropology?
1) Doing fieldwork
2) Being culturally relative
What’s the significance of exoticism?
It’s a way of…
- framing and contextualizing something, can change the way you think of a particular people.
- seeing other people as different from you
Naïve realism (because nice girls don’t talk to Rastas – at least be relatively familiar with the story):
Particular American naiveté, class structure. Joanna believed that everyone was equal. She didn't pay attention to the cultural differences.
Early models of cultural evolutionism and “armchair anthropology”:
Didn’t do fieldwork, 19th or 20th century scholars coming to conclusions without fieldwork or lab work
Lewis Henry Morgan and his “Ethical Periods”
He was an ________ anthropologist and came up with the model of ________ ________ ________.
armchair anthropologist
linear cultural evolution
What are the three ethical periods?
Explain the significance/problems with this model.
Savagery –> Barbarism –> Civilization
- Very ethnocentric model
- We can’t evaluate culture based on these scales. We have to go out and do research
- It was originally an anti-racist model –> problem because it creates white man’s burden, “3rd/2nd/1st” world, and “underdeveloped –> Politically correct term.”
- When people say “the developing world,” it is very offensive because they’re saying, “this developing country is poor and underdeveloped and aren’t developed like us.”
- We are missing, “why do these countries have problems?”
- We erase their history when we say, “they aren’t developed like us.”
Who is the Father of American modern cultural anthropology?
Franz Boas
Franz Boas studied with the ________ and established __________.
Kwakiutl
ethnography
Who is the Father of British modern social anthropology?
Bronislaw Malinowski
Bronislaw Malinowski was stuck on the __________ Island and studied _______ ______.
Stressed long-term _________ observation.
Trobriand Island
fishing magic
participant
_______ is a better term/more politically correct than witchcraft.
Sorcery
A ________ is someone using magic for malicious intent.
sorcerer
Sorcery helps explain ___________ events.
unfortunate
Sorcery is an ________ system.
explanatory
____ ______ argued that magic in general is used to explain unfortunate events.
Even Pritchard
Baseball magic vs. Fishing magic…
Magic comes into play when there’s more ____ and less ability of ______.
more risk, less control
Lagoon fishing is to _______ as deep sea fishing is to _______/________. Less predictability, more ______.
Lagoon fishing is to fielding as deep sea fishing is to hitting/pitching
risk
Assumptions about life, death, the world, and how we fit into the world is known as a _________.
worldview
_______ is the belief in the superhuman.
Religion
_______ is the belief that everything has a soul/spirit. Living in a spiritual world.
Animism
The movement of how culture changes is known as the _________ movement.
revitalization
What are the stages of the revitalization movement? SSCRO
1) General satisfaction
2) Stress
3) Cultural disorder
4) Revitalization
5) Overall more satisfaction
_______ often emerges through revitalization movements
religion
