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Biology: Physiology & Anatomy > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

A solution with a pH of 1.1 would be a
a) strong acid
b) strong base
c) Weak acid
d) Weak base
e) Neutral

A

A

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2
Q

Isotopes- Feynman

A

same atom of elements with difference in neutrons

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3
Q

Electrolytes

A

ions in the body

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4
Q

Define Ionic Bonds and give an example

A

Ionic bonds form when electrons are gained or removed to form ions-

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5
Q

Sodium Atom (Na) loses electrolyte (Cation) and Chloride (CL) atom gains electrolyte (anion)- what bond is form to make Salt Na+Cl-

A

Ionic Bond

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6
Q

Give an example of a Polar covalent bond

A

H20, carbon dioxide,

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7
Q

covalent bond- feynman

A

sharing of electrons (polar/non polar)

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8
Q

Subatomic particles- feynman

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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9
Q

Planes of the body-

A

Transversal, sagittal, frontal

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10
Q

What elements make up the human body majority with percentage?

A

CHON

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11
Q

List major elements in body using symbols?

A

O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K, S, NA, Cl, Mg

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12
Q

Nonpolar vs Polar bond

A

Nonpolar shares electrons equally with all regions of molecule being neutral while polar shares electrons unequally with some regions of molecules having opposite charges `

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13
Q

Metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism- Feynman

A

Metabolism- all chemical reactions that take place in organism, Catabolism- breaking down of compounds- anabolism - building up of compounds

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14
Q

What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

A

speed up process and lower energy of activation needed (starting point)

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15
Q

Covalent Bond- Feynman

A

covalent bond is the sharing of electrons (single or double, polar/nonpolar)

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16
Q

Radioisotope- Feynman

A

when too many neutrons in nucleus cause atom to become unstable and radioactive

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17
Q

Describe 3 uses of radioisotopes

A

PET scans- medical imaging machine that allows to see the body internally. pet scans use radioisotopes as tracers inserted in the body, because isotopes and radioisotopes will have the similar reaction chemically because of the same amount of electrons and protons, because of the more physiological effects of organs targeted can be seen. Radioisotopes are also an effective in the use of pet scans because of the short half lives.

Radio Therapy

xray

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18
Q

How do radioisotopes variation in the types of energy they release and their half life.

A

Radioisotopes are varied based on the energy levels emitted, Alpha, Beta, Gamma. Also because of the particles of each, half life and decay time may vary. For example alpha rays are heavy and large, making them easily stopped leading to longer decay times.

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19
Q

Describe how temp alter a chemical reaction

A

increase of temp causing increase of movement of particles which increases chance of contact and reaction

19
Q

Example of Anabolism and Catabolism

A

Glucose to Glycogen (Anabolic), ATP to Energy (catabolic) or (Hydrolosis)

20
Q

Describe how concentration or pressure alter reactions

A

increases rate of reaction

21
Q

how does concentration of substrate alter reactions

A

when substrate is high enzymes are high at work and chemical reactions speed up when substrate is low enzymes are just waiting

22
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Atoms of carbon covalently linked to usually` hydrogen nitrogen

23
Q

What are organic compounds found in living things?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids

24
Q

Inorganic Compounds

A

No carbon-hydrogen bonds

25
Q

What are the inorganic compounds essential to human life?

A

Water, Salt, Acid and Bases

26
Q

Water Properties- Feynman

A

Surface tension is the external barrier formed, Cohesion is when water molecules stick together, great Polar solvent, most of body made up of water, specific heat, high heat evaporation,

27
Q

Explain water density and why its diff

A
28
Q

Water Functions in body

A
  1. Lubricant- water in joints allow fluid movement, saliva, 2. Heat sink- water has high specific heat meaning it can absorb a lot of heat which is good for temp reguation, 3. Concentration synthesis- many substances can dissolve in water, 4. chemical reaction (dehydration synthesis) - water is removed to join two molecules together, (hydrolysis) water is added to break two molecules down
29
Q

Acids- feynman

A

substance dissolved and release hydrogen ion [H+],shifts balance

30
Q

Bases- feynman

A

substance dissolve to release/increase hydroxide ions OH-

31
Q

What happens to NaCl in body fluids

A

breaks down an form seperate positive and negative ions

32
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

33
Q

What alkalosis and acidosis.

A

Acidosis is when blood drops to 7.0-7.3, Alkalosis is when blood raises to 7.5.

34
Q

Explain the causes and symptoms a of electrolytes imbalance

A

Losing fluids vomitting, cramping ,muscle and nervous system disturbances

35
Q

Dehydration Synthesis/Hydrolysis

A

DS- water is removed to join two molecules together, Hydrolysis- water is added to break down to molecules

36
Q

Macromolecule

A

Created by two subunits + water to get macromolecule + water

37
Q

Glucose

A
38
Q

Sucrose- Feynman

A

Sucrose is a disaccharide Sucrose is Glucose + Fructose and is a quick source of energy when broken down into glucose or fructose

38
Q

Lactose- Feynman

A

Disaccharide that is Glucose + Galactose important for providing energy

38
Q

Maltose- Feynman

A

Disaccharide that is Glucose + Glucose slow energy source

39
Q

Starch Fenyman

A

Polysaccharide- storage carb in plants when consumed breaks down into glucose for energy

40
Q

Cellulose- Feynman

A

structure in plants when consumed it aids in digestion in fiber

41
Q

Are oils saturated or unsaturated fats? Same with fats?

A

Oil= unsaturated fats= saturated

42
Q

Lipids- Feynman

A

long term energy subunits of Fatty Acids and Alcohol

43
Q
A

Biology: Physiology & Anatomy (10 decks)

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