Exam 1: Renal Flashcards
what acid-base imbalance is associated with renal conditions?
metabolic acidosis
what should diet changes should a patient be educated to make?
decrease Na+ intake
right amount and right type of protein to protect kidneys
less phosphorus to protect bones/ blood vessels
no dark colas
control K+ intake
what foods should be avoided to control K+ level?
no melons, dark colas, oranges, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes
can acute renal failure be reversed?
yes
describe the factors associated with prerenal failure (Acute renal failure)
decreased tissue perfusion
obstruction (emboli, clots, tumors)
low BP; low MAP
low cardiac output
at what MAP does it restrict GFR?
<65
where does intrarenal failure occur?
inside the renal
describe the factors associated with intrarenal failure (acute renal failure)
CT contrast
antibiotics (vancomycin and gentamicin)
where does post renal failure occur?
past the renal system
what factors are associated with post renal failure?
kidney stones, tumor, BPH
is chronic renal failure reversible?
no
what test is used to assess chronic renal failure?
creatinine clearance test
how long is urine collected for the creatinine clearance test? what do you need to do to make sure its an accurate sample?
24 hours; discard first specimen
what are the top 2 reasons for chronic renal failure?
diabetes
HTN
how is kidney function and erythropoietin connected?
kidneys produce hormone EPO (epoetin alfa) that produces RBCs. RBCs are needed to carry O2 throughout the body.
what are some complications of of renal failure?
hyperkalemia, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade, HTN, anemia, bone disease and metastatic calcifications.
oliguria = how many mLs of urine/day
50-400 mL
anuric = how many mLs of urine/day
0 mL
