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Study study study yay ): > Exam #1 (Psy of Aging) > Flashcards

Exam #1 (Psy of Aging) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fastest growing age group? [ch 1]
a) Young-old 65-75
b) Old-old 75+
c) Middle-aged
d) Oldest-old 85+

A

D. Oldest-old 85+

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2
Q

Dr. Garza is conducting a study on the effects of sensory declines on participants who are at least 85 years old. These participants are in what “aging phase”?
A. None of the above
B. Oldest old
C. Old old
D. Young old

A

B. Oldest old

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3
Q

All of the following statements regarding longitudinal research are true except:
A. The studies show only how aging occurs in one cohort
B. The studies offer too pessimistic a picture of normal aging
C. The studies are expensive, difficult, and time-consuming
D. The studies confound age change and time-of-measurement effects

A

B. The studies offer too pessimistic a picture of normal aging

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4
Q

In which year is the population pyramid graph shaped most like a pyramid?
A. 2000
B. 1960
C. 2030
D. 1900

A

D. 1900

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5
Q

Which condition is considered an acute disease:
A. Diabetes
B. Tuberculosis
C. Arthritis
D. Hypertension

A

B. Tuberculosis

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6
Q

Which of the following terms is used for the theory that the body ages because of continued use and accumulated “results”
A. tertiary
B. programmed
C. primary
D. wear-and-tear

A

D. wear-and-tear

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7
Q

Males have a longer life expectancy than females, true or false?

A

False

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8
Q

Dana studies how peoples’ goals change as they age, and how they maintain and enhance the goals they choose. Which model does
A. the ecological model
B. the social-cognitive model
C. the selective optimization with compensation model
D. the epigenetic model

A

C. the selective optimization with compensation model

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9
Q

Compared to programmed theories of aging, stochastic theories are better able to explain how lifestyle factors affect an individual’s rate of aging and chances of living a long life, true or false?

A

True

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10
Q

The baby boom generation refers to individuals born between
A. 1981-1990
B. 1929-1940
C. 1990-2000
D. 1946-1964

A

D. 1946-1964

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11
Q

The Hayflick limit refers to the:
A. minimum amount of nutrients a person’s diet requires to remain healthy
B. upper limit on the amount of stress that the human body can withstand
C. biological limit on the number of times cells will divide
D. upper limit of the human life expectancy

A

C. biological limit on the number of times cells will divide

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12
Q

According to the text, Useful Field of View (UFOV)
A. can be improved only with surgery to the lens of the eye
B. can be improved with glasses that correct near-sightedness
C. is a significant predictor of driving performance and crash frequency
D. is superior in older adults as compared to younger adults

A

C. is a significant predictor of driving performance and crash frequency

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13
Q

Which kind of aging is most strongly influenced by diet and exercise?
A. Process aging
B. Programmed aging
C. Secondary aging
D. Primary aging

A

C. Secondary aging

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14
Q

Nature/nurture is an important theme in developmental psychology. Nature refers to __ and nurture refers to __.
A. genetic factors; environmental factors
B. environmental factors; life experiences
C. biological factors; life experiences
D. life experience; hereditary factors

A

A. genetic factors; environmental factors

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15
Q

A majority of older adults are functionally dependent. True/False

A

False

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16
Q

Smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are all risk factors for developing heart disease. What do they have in common?
A. They are more common among women than men
B. They are more common among younger adults than older adults
C. They have a high degree of heritability
D. They can be modified by life style changes

A

D. They can be modified by life style changes

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17
Q

Osteoporosis
A. can be reversed with daily doses of lithium
B. is a disorder in which bones become thin and brittle
C. none of the above
D. is most prevalent in black women

A

B. is a disorder in which bones become thin and brittle

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18
Q

Sarah has developed opaque areas in the lenses of her eyes. She probably
A. is farsighted
B. has cataracts
C. has glaucoma
D. has presbyopia

A

B. has cataracts

19
Q

According to the ecological model of aging, people adapt best
A. to environments that present a low degree of challenge or press
B. when environmental press is tailored to their own level of competence
C. to environments that present a high degree of challenge or press
D. when other people shape their environment for them

A

B. when environmental press is tailored to their own level of competence

20
Q

Approximately __ of the U.S. population is currently over the age of 65; by 2030 this figure is projected to be approximately __.
A. 15%; 20%
B. 1%; 4%
C. 5%; 10%
D. 20%; 30%

A

A. 15%; 20%

21
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a basic activity of daily living (ADL)?
A. shopping
B. driving
C. bathing
D. cooking

A

C. bathing

22
Q

Secondary prevention refers to efforts to control illness by intervening once a disease has struck. True/False

A

False

23
Q

Which of the following is a programmed theory of aging?
A. Time clock (cellular) theory
B. Accumulation theory
C. Wear and tear theory
D. Free radical theory

A

A. Time clock (cellular) theory

24
Q

One problem with cross-sectional studies is the confounding of:
A. age effects and practice effects (from repeated testing)
B. age effects and time-of-measurement effects
C. age effects and socioeconomic status
D. cohort effects and time-of-measurement effects
E. age effects and cohort effects

A

E. age effects and cohort effects

25
Q

By “rectangularization” of the survival curve, we mean:
A. compression of mortality
B. expansion of mortality
C. expansion of morbidity
D. compression of morbidity

A

A. compression of mortality

26
Q

Sequential designs are used in order to
A. complete research studies quickly and efficiently
B. follow the same group of people over time
C. test people from only one age group
D. disentangle the effects of age, cohort, and time of measurement

A

D. disentangle the effects of age, cohort, and time of measurement

27
Q

Morbidity refers to __, whereas mortality refers to __.
A. chronic illness; acute illness
B. length of life; quality of life
C. longevity; disease
D. illness; death

A

D. illness; death

28
Q

Which statement is closest to the lifespan development perspective?
A. There are gains and losses over the life span with a shift in proportion in older adulthood toward more gains than losses
B. Up to the point of young adulthood there are only gains, after which there are losses in every aspect of functioning
C. People make steady gains from young to older adulthood and there are never any losses
D. There are gains and losses over the life span with a shift in older adulthood toward a greater proportion of losses than gains

A

D. There are gains and losses over the life span with a shift in older adulthood toward a greater proportion of losses than gains

29
Q

Which biological theory of aging postulates that by-products of cell metabolism may damage and cause mutations in cells?
A. Cross-linking theory
B. Accumulation theory
C. Wear and tear theory
D. Free radical theory
E. Time-clock (cellular) theory

A

D. Free radical theory

30
Q

Compared with American men, American women tend to
A. have fewer years of poor health
B. have a higher quality of life in old age
C. live longer
D. all of the above

A

C. live longer

31
Q

Which event is most likely to be considered a normative age-graded influence on development?
A. winning the lottery
B. losing a job in an economic recession
C. being diagnosed with heart disease at the age of 35
D. job retirement at the age of 65

A

D. job retirement at the age of 65

32
Q

The ability to tolerate heat and cold:
A. does not change over the lifespan
B. decreases with age
C. is the most common decline with age
D. increases with age

A

B. decreases with age

33
Q

Compared to young adults, older adults have __ for smell, taste, and touch sensitivity.
A. a higher threshold
B. the same threshold
C. a lower threshold

A

A. a higher threshold

34
Q

Aging that is accompanied by clear evidence of illness such as Alzheimer’s Disease is called
A. unsuccessful aging
B. negative aging
C. normal aging
D. pathological aging
E. optimal aging

A

D. Pathological aging

35
Q

The most common chronic health problem of older adults is:
A. arthritis
B. osteoporosis
C. vision loss
D. dementia

A

B. osteoporosis

36
Q

Which type of sensory change in older adulthood is most likely to affect mental health?
A. Motor Performance
B. Smell
C. Taste
D. Vision
E. Hearing

A

E. Hearing

37
Q

According to the selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model, people who adapt best to the aging process are those who
A. sit back, relax, and let other people take the lead on everything.
B. put their energies into as many skills and activities as possible
C. hold the highest standards and expectations in all areas of functioning
D. choose a few skills and activities on which to focus their energies

A

D. choose a few skills and activities on which focus to focus their energies

38
Q

What term is used for the average number of years that people in a particular cohort are likely to live
A. Longitudinality
B. Life span
C. Hayflick limit
D. Life expectancy

A

D. Life expectancy

39
Q

Which of the following changes are true regarding the age structure of America? (select all that apply)
A. the dependency ratio is decreasing
B. the absolute number of older adults is staying fairly constant
C. the relative proportion of older adults is increasing
D. life expectancy has increased over the past century

A

C. the relative proportion of older adults is increasing
D. life expectancy has increased over the past century

40
Q

In normative aging, which of the following statements are true regarding the Cardiovascular System? (select all that apply)
A. Arteriosclerosis increases, affected by lifestyle
B. Many problems with this system are the result of disease, not aging
C. Atherosclerosis increases, affected by lifestyle
D. Heart gains 1% pumping capacity each year after age 30
E. Diastolic blood pressure increases
F. Systolic blood pressure increases
G. Heart shrinks in size
H. Blood remains healthy

A

B. Many problems with this system are the result of disease, not aging
F. Systolic blood pressure increases
H. Blood remains healthy

41
Q

In normative aging, which of the following changes are expected in the Immune System? (select all that apply)
A. Fewer antibodies are made
B. Improved built-up tolerance to viral infections
C. Autoimmune diseases increase
D. The thymus shrinks by 5%

A

C. Autoimmune diseases increase
D. The thymus shrinks by 5%

42
Q

In normative aging, which of the following changes are expected in terms of the Muscular and Skeletal systems? (select all that apply)
A. Joints lose flexibility
B. Decrease in muscle mass, strength and tone
C. Redistribution of body fat
D. Declines can be minimized with exercise

A

A. Joints lose flexibility
B. Decrease in muscle mass, strength and tone
C. Redistribution of body fat
D. Declines can be minimized with exercise

43
Q

Consider morbidity and mortality. Currently, in the United States, we are (select all that apply)
A. experiencing longer periods of illness/disability
B. living longer
C. delaying the onset of illness
D. focusing all our efforts on prevention, as opposed to treatment or cure
E. increasing adherence to preventative health behaviors
F. dying after periods of prolonged disability
G. spending fewer years suffering from illness-related disability

A

B. living longer
C. delaying the onset of illness
D. focusing all our efforts on prevention, as opposed to treatment or cure
G. spending fewer years suffering from illness-related disability

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