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Exam #1 (Abnormal Psych) Flashcards

1
Q

What did Hippocrates believe contributed to melancholia?
A. yellow bile
B. black bile
C. phlegm
D. blood

A

B. Black bile

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2
Q

What did Hippocrates believe contributed to mania?
A. yellow bile
B. black bile
C. phlegm
D. blood

A

A. Yellow bile

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3
Q

Which of the following are considered challenges for identifying psychopathology?

A. tolerance for ambiguity

B. retaining objectivity

C. closeness to the subject matter

D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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4
Q

An experiment where both participants and experimenters are unaware of the groups to which participants are assigned is known as a
A. control group
B. random assignment
C. masked blind design
D. double masked design

A

Double masked design

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5
Q

Under the psychodynamic model, which of the following is NOT a basic idea?
A. childhood experiences shape adult personality
B. people use defense mechanisms in order to control their stressful and anxious feelings
C. conscious thoughts have more influence on our behavior than unconscious processes
D. in order to improve or “cure”, insight on unconscious processes is needed

A

C. conscious thoughts have more influence on our behavior than unconscious processes

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6
Q

Jamie has been experiencing significant social anxiety symptoms for the past few months. It has been affecting her ability to complete daily tasks at work, such as giving presentations and briefing co-workers on projects. Which of the 4 D’s is Jaime experiencing?
A. deviance
B. distress
C. danger
d. dysfunction

A

D. dysfunction

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7
Q

Dysfunction (definition)

A

defined as the behaviors that demonstrate functional impairment in an individual’s daily life.

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8
Q

What is the annual prevalence of mental illness in the U.S?

A

26-30%

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9
Q

There are many children who experience trauma, however, not every child who experiences trauma will develop symptoms of psychopathology. Which term best described how different outcomes can result from similar risk factors?
A. equifinality
B. multifinality
C. labeling effect
D. placebo effect

A

B. multifinality

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10
Q

The ___ is primarily responsible for regulating language functions, while the __ is primarily known for regulating spatial organization and analysis.
A. left hemisphere; frontal lobe
B. right hemisphere; left hemisphere
C. right hemisphere; temporal lobe
D. left hemisphere; right hemisphere

A

D. left hemisphere; right hemisphere

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11
Q

A therapist following the ___ model would guide their client towards self-actualization
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. cognitive-behavioral
D. biological

A

A. humanistic

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12
Q

9-year-old Maddie took the trash out without her mother first asking her to do so. In response to this behavior, Maddie’s mother tells her that she does not have to do the dishes that night after dinner. Using operate conditioning, which of the following is Maddie’s mother using?
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Positive punishment
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Negative punishment

A

C. Negative reinforcement
(pos. reinforcement = adding something, neg. reinforcement = removing something)

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13
Q

The__ regulates higher mental functions, such as thinking, problem-solving, and use of language.
A. occipital lobe
B. prefrontal cortex
C. amygdala
D. temporal lobe

A

B. prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

The Kappa coefficient controls for chance error inflation in __.
A. ecological reliability
B. test-retest reliability
C. inter-rater reliability
D. standardized reliability

A

C. inter-rater reliability

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15
Q

__ therapy uses techniques such as free association, transference, and dream analysis in order to examine the patient’s underlying conflicts.
A. cognitive-behavioral
B. psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. biological

A

B. psychodynamic

(psychodynamic therapies seek to uncover past trauma and inner conflicts with the therapist acting as a guide)

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a structured clinical interview?
A. standardization
B. open-ended items
C. formality
D. close-ended items

A

B. open-ended items
(Structured clinical interviews are standardized and formal, with a flowchart format that is often based on DSM symptom criteria
Structured clinical interviews use close-ended items, and all interviewees ask the same items in the same order)

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17
Q

A limitation of objective personality tests is that __.
A. measured traits often cannot be directly examined
B. they are not statistically derived.
C. reliability and validity are not consistently shown
D. they have an open-ended format

A

A. measured traits often cannot be directly examined
(Other limitations include
-Not considered highly valid
-Measured traits often cannot be directly examined
-Tests do not allow for cultural differences in responses
-It is still possible for individuals to fake and manipulate their personality profiles)

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18
Q

Which of the following is the hindbrain not composed of?
A. medulla
B. spinal cord
C. pons
D. cerebellum

A

B. spinal cord

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19
Q

A humanistic therapist would use which of the following techniques?
A. modeling, exposure therapy, flooding
B. free association, dream analysis, transference
C. medications, family history analysis, blood work
D. unconditional positive regard, empty chair, active listening

A

D. unconditional positive regard, empty chair, active listening

(Unconditional Positive Regard : Therapist’s ability to accept the client no matter what, exactly the way the client is at any point in time
Empty Chair: Sit facing an empty chair, picturing the person you are experiencing conflict with sitting in that chair. Speak to the empty chair, explaining feelings, thoughts, and understanding of the conflict.
Active Listening: Therapist tracks the content of what the client says but how it is expressed and attempts read between the lines”)

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20
Q

The Rorschach Inkblot test is an example of a ___ test.
A. cognitive personality
B. projective personality
C. association personality
D. objective personality

A

B. projective personality

(Projective personality tests use meaningless or ambiguous stimuli so that an individual will “project” meaning based on underlying personality dynamics)

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21
Q

A __ is a type of psychophysiological test, which measures __.
A. thematic appreciation test; psychological reactions to an identified stressor
B. MRI; higher brain functioning in response to psychological problems
C. clinical observation; infrequent or overly frequent behaviors
D. polygraph; physical responses as an indication of psychological problems

A

D. polygraph; physical responses as an indication of psychological problems

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22
Q

The Bender-Gestalt Visual Motor test is a __.
A. neuropsychological assessment
B. biological assessment
C. neurological assessment
D. psychophysiological assessment

A

C. neurological assessment

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23
Q

__ therapy relies on a learning-based approach, which incorporates techniques to change maladaptive behaviors.
A. cognitive-behavioral
B. psychodynamic
C. humanistic
D. biological

A

A. cognitive-behavioral

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24
Q

__ is an approach to psychotherapy that incorporates principles or techniques from various models or theories
A. eclectic therapy
B. cognitive-behavioral therapy
C. psychodynamic therapy
D. humanistic therapy

A

A. eclectic therapy

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25
Q

Which of the following professions does NOT require a doctorate degree?
A. psychiatrist
B. clinical psychologist
C. school psychologist
D. psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners

A

C. school psychologist

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26
Q

__ validity is concerned with current correlations between the disorder and other symptoms of behavior, while __ validity is concerned with factors that contribute to the onset of the disorder.
A. predictive; concurrent
B. concurrent; ecological
C. predictive; ecological
D. ecological; concurrent

A

B concurrent; ecological

(Ecological Validity: Concerned with factors that contribute to the onset of the disorder
Concurrent Validity: Concerned with current correlations between the disorder another symptoms of behavior
Predictive Validity: Concerned with the course of the disorder over time)

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27
Q

The goal of __ is to guide clients toward self-recognition through challenge and frustration.
A. exposure therapy
B. gestalt therapy
C. free association
D. modeling

A

B. gestalt therapy

(Gestalt therapy is focused on the idea of increasing a person’s awareness, freedom, and self-direction, focusing on the moment rather than past experiences.)

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28
Q

What is treatment?

A

a systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more functional or normal behavior

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29
Q

George feels tormented by the deprecating voices he keeps hearing in his mind. This is an example of which of the “four Ds?’
A. deviance
B. distress
C. danger
d. dysfunction

A

B. distress

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30
Q

What is the BEST way to think about distress as a condition for psychological abnormality?

A

Distress is commonly associated with abnormality but is not essential to it

31
Q

The DSM-5 added __ information to psychiatric diagnosis
A. behavioral
B. cognitive
C. dimensional
D. categorical

A

C. dimensional

32
Q

According to Jerome Frank, all forms of therapy have three essential features

A
  1. sufferer who seeks relief from the healer
  2. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and the sufferer’s social group
  3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer … tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior
33
Q

Jackie hit her snooze button 3x & got 30 minutes extra sleep this a.m.. Behaviorists would say this is:
A. positive reinforcement
B. positive punishment
C. negative reinforcement
D. negative punishment

A

C. negative reinforcement

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 D’s of psychopathology?
A. Deviance
B. Distress
C. Delusional
D. Dysfunctional

A

C. delusional

35
Q

Kiley has begun seeing people who are not present. She is experiencing this psychotic phenomenon.
A. visual hallucinations
B. nihilistic delusions
C. somatosensory hallucinations
D. paranoid delusions

A

A. visual hallucinations

36
Q

This model proposes that psychopathology is the result of a complex combination of internal and external factors.
A. psychodynamic insight-oriented model
B. cognitive behavioral model
C. humanistic-existential model
D. developmental psychopathology model

A

D. developmental psychopathology model

37
Q

Kayla is in a study of a new anti-anxiety drug but is given __, aka a saline pill to control for expectancy effects.
A. vitamin A
B. zyprexa (anti-psychotic)
C. placebo
D. xanax (anti-anxiety)

A

C. placebo

38
Q

__ was the primary factor behind deinstitutionalization and rise in outpatient mental healthcare.
A. Moral treatment
B. The managed care insurance model
C. Psychiatric medication
D. Positive psychology

A

C. Psychiatric medication

39
Q

According to the GMA video clip on the global impact of COVID-19 on mental health, __ increased by 27%
A. anorexia nervosa
B. major depressive disorder
C. post traumatic stress disorder
D. generalized anxiety disorder

A

B. major depressive disorder

40
Q

Rebecca gives her clients total validation and engages in active listening. She is likely a __ therapist
A. Biological
B. Cognitive behavioral
C. Humanistic
D. Psychodynamic

A

C. Humanistic

41
Q

Which is NOT a type of invasive brain procedure or psychosurgery?
A. prefrontal lobotomy
B. vagus nerve stimulation
C. deep brain stimulation
D. anterior cingulotomy

A

B. vagus nerve stimulation

42
Q

Van has just taken a(n) __ test which asked him to create stories in response to ambiguous pictures.
A. cognitive
B. objective personality
C. projective personality
D. neuropsychological

A

C. projective personality

43
Q

The temporal lobe is thought to control
A. auditory perception
B. cognitive functions
C. touch perception
D. visual perception

A

A. auditory perception

44
Q

Hector answered 335 true/false items for this __ test, which has validity checks and is scored using norms.
A. cognitive
B. projective personality
C. objective personality
D. biofeedback

A

C. objective personality

45
Q

Sherry is a __ therapist who focuses on maladaptive thoughts & behaviors and used techniques like exposure.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive behavioral
C. humanistic/existential
D. sociocultural

A

B. cognitive behavioral

46
Q

An experiment where the results can be applied to the general population with confidence has this.
A. external validity
B. internal validity
C. external reliability
D. internal reliability

A

A. external validity

47
Q

Aum did great on Picture Completion, a subtest of which WAIS subscale?
A. Verbal comprehension
B. Perceptual reasoning
C. Nonverbal skills
D. Processing speed

A

B. Perceptual reasoning

48
Q

Who proposed the notion that human beings share an unconscious, known as the collective unconscious?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Albert Bandura
C. Fritz Perls
D. Carl Jung

A

D. Carl Jung

49
Q

Diagnostic reliability refers to __ of a diagnostic measure
A. accuracy
B. consistency
C. generalizability
D. applicability

A

B. consistency

50
Q

Which is NOT a reason to legally detain and treat an adult against their will for mental illness (e.g., 5150)?
A. Danger to self
B. Grave mental disability
C. Danger to others
D. Grave social dysfunction

A

D. Grave social dysfunction

51
Q

The WAIS was high __ reliability
A. concurrent
B. interval
C. predictive
D. test-retest

A

D. test-retest

52
Q

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be significantly involved in schizophrenia?
A. dopamine
B. GABA
C. norepinephrine
D. serotonin

A

A. dopamine

53
Q

Simon is using the __ formula to control for chance error on inter-rater reliability calculations.
A. control group
B. double blind
C. Kappa
D. placebo

A

C. Kappa

54
Q

Which part of the brain controls our most basic life functions like breathing?
A. forebrain
B. hindbrain
C. midbrain
D. corpus callosum

A

B. hindbrain

55
Q

What brain imaging method injects a radioactive compound or tracer mixed with glucose to study brain function?
A. CT
B. EEG
C. MRI
D. PET

A

D. PET

56
Q

According to CSUF’s Dr. Tara Suwinyattichaiporn, __ can improve the mental health of college students
A. virtual wellness workshops
B. online or text social support from family and friends
C. mental health apps
D. telehealth support groups

A

B. online or text social support from family and friends

57
Q

Victoria is a therapist with a master’s degree who focuses on individuals and their mental health. She is most likely a:
A. marriage and family therapist
B. school psychologist
C. clinical social worker
D. professional clinical counselor

A

D. professional clinical counselor

58
Q

Consistent with past therapy outcome studies, Gabriela found that __% of her participants improved due to therapy
A. 26%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 75%

A

D. 75%

59
Q

This researcher identified the effects of social learning or modeling on behavior
A. Albert Bandura
B. Edward Thorndike
C. Ivan Pavlov
D. John B. Watson

A

A. Albert Bandura

60
Q

EST stands for:
A. event specific therapy
B. example setting therapy
C. empirically supported treatment
D. evidence standardized therapy

A

C. empirically supported therapy

61
Q

Therapist Juan uses his modern-day EST psychodynamic approach that focuses more on current than past relationships
A. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
B. Gestalt Therapy
C. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
D. Psychoanalytic Therapy

A

C. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

62
Q

Rosenhan’s study, “Being Sane in Insane Places”, demonstrated that a psychiatric diagnosis can lead to:
A. psychiatric growth
B. the labeling effect
C. client distress
D. insight

A

B. the labeling effect

63
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of antidepressant medication?
A. tricyclics
B. SSRIs
C. phenothiazines
D. MAOIs

A

C. phenothiazines

64
Q

__ formerly called culturally bound syndromes, occur only within certain cultures. Ex., Nervios and Amok.
A. Cultural concepts of distress
B. Culturally based diseases
C. Culturally constructed disorders
D. Cultural centered dysfunction

A

A. Cultural concepts of distress

65
Q

The Catholic church’s St Dymphna groups program is an example of:
A. a hybrid cognitive-and-existential therapy approach
B. a collaboration between positive psychology and family therapy
C. incorporating non-traditional approaches into mental health treatment
D. combining client-centered and multicultural

A

C. incorporating non-traditional approaches into mental health treatment

66
Q

Qwaheem goes out drinking every night. He drinks until he passes out and wakes up disoriented, not knowing how he got home the night before. His behavior is MOST clearly an example of _____, one of the “four Ds.”
A. distress
B. danger
C. dysfunction
D. deviance

A

B. danger

67
Q

Rory has diagnosed depression. He normally feels so helpless and worthless that he does not see the point in doing everyday tasks. He hates feeling the way he does and is often upset at his situation. Rory’s behavior MOST closely illustrates which of the “four Ds”?
A. distress
B. danger
C. dysfunction
D. deviance

A

A. distress

68
Q

César Chavez and Mahatma Gandhi are two famous figures who fasted and deprived themselves of necessities in order to protest social injustice. This type of behavior is an example of the idea that:
A. the definition of dysfunction varies across cultures
B. individuals who are dysfunctional have trouble in social interactions.
C. individuals who are dysfunctional have trouble caring for themselves.
D. dysfunction does not always indicate psychological abnormality.

A

D. dysfunction does not always indicate psychological abnormality.

69
Q

Often the deciding factor in determining whether a behavior, thought, or emotion is deviant is:
A. culture
B. a legal standard
C. medical standards of the time
D. the belief of mental health professionals

A

A. culture

70
Q

Violations of social norms, such as wearing dark clothing and having numerous tattoos, are referred to as:
A. distressful
B. dangerous
C. dysfunctional
D. deviant

A

D. deviant

71
Q

_____ is a theorist who believes that the whole concept of mental illness is invalid and is a myth.
A. David Weeks
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Thomas Szasz
D. Josef Breuer

A

C. Thomas Szasz

72
Q

Maria obsesses for hours over her hair and makeup in the morning. As a result, she has been fired from two jobs in the past four months because she does not get to work on time. This is an example of which of the “four Ds”?
A. distress
B. danger
C. dysfunction
D. deviance

A

C. dysfunction

73
Q

Deviance

A

extreme, unusual, and bizarre behavior

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