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Gero > Exam 1 part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of the social, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging

A

gerontology

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2
Q

of or relating to old people, especially with regard to their health care

A

geriatric

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3
Q

55-64

A

pre elderly

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4
Q

65-74

A

young old

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5
Q

75-84

A

middle old

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6
Q

75+ needing services

or 85+

A

frail old

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7
Q

85+

A

oldest old

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8
Q

95+

A

elite old

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9
Q

100+

A

centenarians

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10
Q

110+

A

supercentenarians

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11
Q

the time horizon between the onset of chronic illness or disability and the time in which a person dies

A

Compression of morbidity

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12
Q

completes a basic-entry level education program

A

generalist

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13
Q

advanced preparation at the masters level; clinical expertise

A

specialist

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14
Q

combine their nursing background with business and utilize their individual creativity and resourcefulness to start their own companies

A

nurse entrepreneurs

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15
Q

is the fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly

A

gerontophobia

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16
Q

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a persons age

A

ageism

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17
Q

Aging may be defined

A

Chronologically
Biologically/functionally
Psychologically
Socially

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18
Q

state that some form of breakdown at the cellular and organ level leads to decline, aging, and death of the cell, which results in aging of the entire body

A

Biological theories

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19
Q

attempt to explain and predict the behaviors, feeling, mental processes, and role changes of the aging individual

A

psycho-social theories

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20
Q

aging occurs as a random event and occurs over time

A

Stochastic

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21
Q

aging is a timed phenomenon

Non-randome

A

Non-stochastic

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22
Q

stochastic is also know as what theories

A

error theories

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23
Q

non stochastic is also know as what theories

A

programmed theories

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24
Q

examples of error theories

A

Free radical/ oxidative stress theory
Cross link or collagen
Wear and tear

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25
Examples of programmed theories
Immunity | Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker
26
Propose that the aging phenotype is the result of an accumulation of random errors in the synthesis of cellular DNA and RNA. With each replication, more errors occur until the cells are no longer able to fully function and the chances become visible
error theories
27
Proposes that cell errors are the result of "wearing out" over time because of continued use Cells are aggravated by the harmful effects of internal and external stressors which may cause a progressive decline in cellular function or the death of an increasing number of cells One of the earliest theories
wear and tear theory
28
Describes aging as the result of accumulated damage from errors associated with cross-linked proteins Cellular glucose attaches to protein, either by glycosylation or by glycation Once attached, a chain reaction of bonding between the preteen and the glucose causing them to become stiff and thick and are now called AGE Many medications taken by the elderly contain aluminum and may exacerbate this process
cross linkage theory
29
the errors are the result of random damage from free radicals Over time the production of free radicals increases and the bodes ability to remove them decreases which causes a significant impair in function
Oxidative stress theory | Free radical theory
30
suggest that aging is the result of predictable cellular death, that the cell and organism have genetically determined life spans referred to as the hay flick limit or the biological clock
programmed aging theories
31
explains aging as a programmed decline in the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems It is not that the cells dies, instead they lose their ability to reproduce, a process referred to as replicative senescence
Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker theory
32
presents aging as a programmed accumulation of damage and decline in the function of the immune system, or immunosenescence
immunity theory
33
a progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly
Progeria
34
proposes that the ability of an individual to adapt to changing roles over the life course is a predictor of adjustment to personal aging
Role theory
35
Continued activity was an indicator of successful aging | Individuals need to maintain a productive life for it to be a happy one
Activity theory
36
Proposed that in the natural course of aging the individual does and should slowly withdraw from his or her former roles and activities to allow the transfer of power to the younger generations Probably provided the basis for age discrimination
Disengagement theory
37
an individual tends to develop and maintain a consistent pattern of behavior, substituting one role for a similar one as the person matures
Continuity theory
38
social aging can be best understood by considering the individual as a member of an age group, with similarities to others in the group
Age stratification theory
39
attempts to explain the social changes that have resulted in the devaluing of both the contributions of elders and the elder themselves
modernization theory
40
is best known for articulating life as a series of developmental stages Successful mastery of one task was necessary for successful movement to the next stage of maturity
erickson
41
The person no longer defines herself or himself by life work role but by individual personhood
Ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation (peck)
42
The body and changes are accepted as part of life rather than as a source of identity and focus
body transcendence vs. body preoccupation (peck)
43
the person sees oneself as part of a greater whole rather than as an individual requiring special attention
Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation (peck)
44
combines the bio/psycho/social needs of the individual from the most basic need for food and shelter to the most complex, self-actualization, or gerotranscendence Proposed that the higher levels cannot be met without first meeting the lower level needs Theory may be less culturally biased than some of the other theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
45
achieving wisdom through personal transformation
self actualization or gerotranscendence
46
what percent of decline per decade of life after age 30
5-10%
47
The four Boomer health styles
Challenged and concerned Healthy and proactive Lucky but lax Course-correcting and motivated
48
which two senses are most affected and or bother people the most
hearing and vision
49
Loss of elasticity of lens causes decreased accommodation and inability to focus sharply for near vision Becomes apparent in middle age
Presbyopia
50
tests visual acuity and ability to discriminate black letter in high contrast Best to use colors like reds and yellows
Snellen eye chart
51
anatomic changes of the eyes
Laxity and downward shift of eyelids | Atrophy of orbital fat
52
central vision is spared however peripheral vision is compromised
Glaucoma
53
Fuzzy or cloudy images | Contrast sensitivity is decreased or lost
cataracts
54
Difficulty with central vision With one eye covered should be able to see the corners and sides of the square, shouldn't see wavy lines, and shouldn't see holes or missing areas
macular degeneration
55
is a hypertrophy that may produce nails resembling claws or a ram's horn, possibly caused by trauma or peripheral vascular disorders, but most often secondary to neglect and failure to cut the nails for extended periods of time
Onychogryphosis
56
A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails
onychomycosis
57
nodes associated with osteoarthritis that are proximal, closest to hand
Bouchards nodes
58
nodes associated with osteoarthritis that are distal, near fingertips
heberdens nodes
59
Geriatric syndromes
``` Sleep disorders Problems with eating or feeding Incontinence Confusion Evidence of falls Skin break down ```
60
a thorough evaluation of a persons ability to carry out basic tasks for self-care and tasks needed to support independent living
Comprehensive functional assessment

Gero (5 decks)

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