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Gero > Exam 1 part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of the social, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging

A

gerontology

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2
Q

of or relating to old people, especially with regard to their health care

A

geriatric

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3
Q

55-64

A

pre elderly

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4
Q

65-74

A

young old

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5
Q

75-84

A

middle old

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6
Q

75+ needing services

or 85+

A

frail old

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7
Q

85+

A

oldest old

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8
Q

95+

A

elite old

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9
Q

100+

A

centenarians

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10
Q

110+

A

supercentenarians

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11
Q

the time horizon between the onset of chronic illness or disability and the time in which a person dies

A

Compression of morbidity

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12
Q

completes a basic-entry level education program

A

generalist

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13
Q

advanced preparation at the masters level; clinical expertise

A

specialist

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14
Q

combine their nursing background with business and utilize their individual creativity and resourcefulness to start their own companies

A

nurse entrepreneurs

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15
Q

is the fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly

A

gerontophobia

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16
Q

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a persons age

A

ageism

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17
Q

Aging may be defined

A

Chronologically
Biologically/functionally
Psychologically
Socially

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18
Q

state that some form of breakdown at the cellular and organ level leads to decline, aging, and death of the cell, which results in aging of the entire body

A

Biological theories

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19
Q

attempt to explain and predict the behaviors, feeling, mental processes, and role changes of the aging individual

A

psycho-social theories

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20
Q

aging occurs as a random event and occurs over time

A

Stochastic

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21
Q

aging is a timed phenomenon

Non-randome

A

Non-stochastic

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22
Q

stochastic is also know as what theories

A

error theories

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23
Q

non stochastic is also know as what theories

A

programmed theories

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24
Q

examples of error theories

A

Free radical/ oxidative stress theory
Cross link or collagen
Wear and tear

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25
Q

Examples of programmed theories

A

Immunity

Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker

26
Q

Propose that the aging phenotype is the result of an accumulation of random errors in the synthesis of cellular DNA and RNA. With each replication, more errors occur until the cells are no longer able to fully function and the chances become visible

A

error theories

27
Q

Proposes that cell errors are the result of “wearing out” over time because of continued use
Cells are aggravated by the harmful effects of internal and external stressors which may cause a progressive decline in cellular function or the death of an increasing number of cells
One of the earliest theories

A

wear and tear theory

28
Q

Describes aging as the result of accumulated damage from errors associated with cross-linked proteins
Cellular glucose attaches to protein, either by glycosylation or by glycation
Once attached, a chain reaction of bonding between the preteen and the glucose causing them to become stiff and thick and are now called AGE
Many medications taken by the elderly contain aluminum and may exacerbate this process

A

cross linkage theory

29
Q

the errors are the result of random damage from free radicals
Over time the production of free radicals increases and the bodes ability to remove them decreases which causes a significant impair in function

A

Oxidative stress theory

Free radical theory

30
Q

suggest that aging is the result of predictable cellular death, that the cell and organism have genetically determined life spans referred to as the hay flick limit or the biological clock

A

programmed aging theories

31
Q

explains aging as a programmed decline in the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems
It is not that the cells dies, instead they lose their ability to reproduce, a process referred to as replicative senescence

A

Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker theory

32
Q

presents aging as a programmed accumulation of damage and decline in the function of the immune system, or immunosenescence

A

immunity theory

33
Q

a progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly

A

Progeria

34
Q

proposes that the ability of an individual to adapt to changing roles over the life course is a predictor of adjustment to personal aging

A

Role theory

35
Q

Continued activity was an indicator of successful aging

Individuals need to maintain a productive life for it to be a happy one

A

Activity theory

36
Q

Proposed that in the natural course of aging the individual does and should slowly withdraw from his or her former roles and activities to allow the transfer of power to the younger generations
Probably provided the basis for age discrimination

A

Disengagement theory

37
Q

an individual tends to develop and maintain a consistent pattern of behavior, substituting one role for a similar one as the person matures

A

Continuity theory

38
Q

social aging can be best understood by considering the individual as a member of an age group, with similarities to others in the group

A

Age stratification theory

39
Q

attempts to explain the social changes that have resulted in the devaluing of both the contributions of elders and the elder themselves

A

modernization theory

40
Q

is best known for articulating life as a series of developmental stages
Successful mastery of one task was necessary for successful movement to the next stage of maturity

A

erickson

41
Q

The person no longer defines herself or himself by life work role but by individual personhood

A

Ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation (peck)

42
Q

The body and changes are accepted as part of life rather than as a source of identity and focus

A

body transcendence vs. body preoccupation (peck)

43
Q

the person sees oneself as part of a greater whole rather than as an individual requiring special attention

A

Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation (peck)

44
Q

combines the bio/psycho/social needs of the individual from the most basic need for food and shelter to the most complex, self-actualization, or gerotranscendence
Proposed that the higher levels cannot be met without first meeting the lower level needs
Theory may be less culturally biased than some of the other theories

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

45
Q

achieving wisdom through personal transformation

A

self actualization or gerotranscendence

46
Q

what percent of decline per decade of life after age 30

A

5-10%

47
Q

The four Boomer health styles

A

Challenged and concerned
Healthy and proactive
Lucky but lax
Course-correcting and motivated

48
Q

which two senses are most affected and or bother people the most

A

hearing and vision

49
Q

Loss of elasticity of lens causes decreased accommodation and inability to focus sharply for near vision
Becomes apparent in middle age

A

Presbyopia

50
Q

tests visual acuity and ability to discriminate black letter in high contrast
Best to use colors like reds and yellows

A

Snellen eye chart

51
Q

anatomic changes of the eyes

A

Laxity and downward shift of eyelids

Atrophy of orbital fat

52
Q

central vision is spared however peripheral vision is compromised

A

Glaucoma

53
Q

Fuzzy or cloudy images

Contrast sensitivity is decreased or lost

A

cataracts

54
Q

Difficulty with central vision
With one eye covered should be able to see the corners and sides of the square, shouldn’t see wavy lines, and shouldn’t see holes or missing areas

A

macular degeneration

55
Q

is a hypertrophy that may produce nails resembling claws or a ram’s horn, possibly caused by trauma or peripheral vascular disorders, but most often secondary to neglect and failure to cut the nails for extended periods of time

A

Onychogryphosis

56
Q

A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails

A

onychomycosis

57
Q

nodes associated with osteoarthritis that are proximal, closest to hand

A

Bouchards nodes

58
Q

nodes associated with osteoarthritis that are distal, near fingertips

A

heberdens nodes

59
Q

Geriatric syndromes

A 
Sleep disorders
Problems with eating or feeding
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin break down
60
Q

a thorough evaluation of a persons ability to carry out basic tasks for self-care and tasks needed to support independent living

A

Comprehensive functional assessment

Gero (5 decks)

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