exam 1 obesity Flashcards
Excess proportion of bodily fat and technically defined in terms of BMI
10-19% more than average = overweight with a BMI of 25 to 29.9
20% or more than average is obese with a BMI of 30 -39.9
100-150% more than average = morbidly obese with BMI > 40
Sixty percent of adults in the United States are overweight or obese.
( prevalences)
certain ethnic populations have greater prevalence of overweight
highest prevalence for obesity is among black females
contributing factors to obesity
biology
environmental influences
medications
medications and obesity
Some medications enhance weight gain
Increase appetite or reduce metabolic rate
Specific meds:
Psychotropic meds
Some antidepressants and mood stabilizers
Anticonvulsants valprioc acid and carbamazepine
Corticosteroids
Beta blockers : slow metabolic rate by up to 12%
obesity in nurses
Rate is roughly the same proportion as other U.S. citizens
health risks of obesity
Lead to shortened lifespan and increased mortality
Obesity in children associated with
Adult obesity
Advanced maturation, including increased levels of reproductive hormones
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Growth plate injuries
Low self esteem
comorbid illness associated with overweight and obesity include
Cardiovascular disease including heart failure
Dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease (increase with rising BMI)
hypertension (stroke)
Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
Increased risk for cancers: breast, prostate, colon, esophageal, pancreatic, and uterine
Skeletal disorders
Pregnancy complications
In general, a 5-10% weight loss can create risk reduction.
Weight loss more than 10% is hard to maintain
Less that 20% keep the weight off at the 5 year mark
Surgical intervention results in greater % of weight loss but has short and long term risks
ethical issues
Restricting the sale of SSBs I K-12 schools
Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages
Prohibiting SNAP benefits for purchase of SSB’s
