EXAM 1 -Neurosensory-Brain Tumors Flashcards
How are primary tumors classified?
Benign, Malignant, Metastatic
Some Post-op craniotamy interventions?
- Eye care -Cold compress/irrigation
- Dressing care
- Monitor Cardiac
- Monitor labs
- I/Os (restrict to 1500 ml if pituitarty involvement)
- NPO for 24 hours
- VTE prophylaxis
Mangagement of Brain tumor?
- Radiation
- Chemo
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery
- Craniotamy
A common type of tumor that originates in brain. Make up 33% of all tumors. What kind of Tumor is this and where does it originate?
Glioma - originates in the Glial cells.
tumors located within cerebral hemispheres?
supratentorial
How should the bed be positioned for a patient after supratentorial surgery and why?
elevate HOB to 30 degrees
or as tolerated to promote venous drainage
What do acoustic neuromas tend to compress and surround?
- Brain tissue
- Cranial nerve V - trigeminal
- Cranial nerve Vll - Facial
- Cranial nerve IX - glossopharangeal
- Cranial nerve X - Vagus nerve
Classification that depends on cellular or anatomic origins of tumor? Which type is this mostly used for?
Third Classification - mostly used for Gliomas (malignant tumors)
Tissues are benign; cells look nearly like normal brain cells - Which grade is this?
Grade l
What is the secondary classification for tumors?
By location: (Example: supratentorial and Infratentorial )
What are possible signs and symptoms resulting from a infratentorial tumor?
- ataxia
- autonomic nervous system dysfunction
- vomiting
- drooling
- hearing loss
Glial cell tumors developed from connective tissue cells called astrocytes. Who can these be found in? Who can develop these?
- Astrocytoma
- Found in Cerebrum (larger part of brain), sometimes Cerebellum (smaller inner part of brain)
- Adults and Children can develop these
Pituitary tumor that occur in the anterior lobe and may cause endocrine dysfunction
Adenoma
Tissue is malignant; cells look less like normal cells- what grade is this?
Grade ll
Describe a craniotamy?
- Burr holes drilled into skull
- saw used to remove piece of skull to expose tumor area
- Bone flap replaced and held together by small screws
High grade astrocytoma that are most malignant of all brain tumors? Survival rate?
Glioblastoma Multiforme - Poor survival rate
Where do acoustic neuromas arise from? Which cranial nerve is this?
Arise from schwann cells in peripheral portion of cranial nerve Vlll - Vestibulocochlear.
What are some things you want to assess for with brain tumors?
- signs and symptoms of headaches
- Neurological deficits (E.G. visual disturbances)
- ICP
Post op complications of Craniotamy?
- increased ICP
* Cerebral edema
Tumors in area of brainstem structures and cerebellum (beneath tentorium)
infratentorial
What drugs are used to manage Brain tumors/Craniotmay?
- Analgesics - Pain
- Dexamethasone - Inflammation
- Phenytoin - prevent seizures
- Ranitidine - Stress ulcer prophylaxis
What are 3 examples of glial cells in which Gliomas originate?
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal cells
complications from brain tumors?
- ICP
- Cerebral edema
- Pituitary dysfunction leading to F&E imbalance
- Neurologic deficits
- Hydrocephalus (csf flow obstruction)
Tissue is malignant and Cells look very different from normal cells - what grade is this?
Grade lll
Cancer cells from the lung, breast, colon, pancreas, and kidney that travel to the brain via blood and lymphatic system.
Metastiatic or secondary tumor
What are possible Signs and symptoms resulting from a supratentorial tumor?
- paralysis
- seizures
- memory loss
- cognitive impairment
- language impairment
- vision problems
What is the difference between primary and secondary tumors?
Primary originate in the CNS and secondary from metastasis in other parts of body.
malignant tissue has cells that look most abnormal and tend to grow quickly - what grade is this?
Grade lV
Most common benign tumor arise from covering of the brain (meninges); this tumor tends to reoccur
Meningioma
What can also be considered malignant?
Carol
