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Nursing 231 - Exam 1 > EXAM 1 - ABG/DKA DRUGS > Flashcards

EXAM 1 - ABG/DKA DRUGS Flashcards

DRUGS DEALING WITH ABG AND DKA

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1
Q

What class is Ammonium Chloride?

A

Acidifying agent/electrolyte modifier

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2
Q

What is Ammonium Chloride used to treat?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis and Hypochloremia

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3
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of ammonium chloride?

A

Decreases pH and correction of metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

What class is Sodium Bicarb?

A

Alkalinizing Agents/Antacid

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5
Q

What is sodium Bicarb used to treat?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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6
Q

What are the theraputic effects of Sodium Bicarb?

A

Releases Bicarb ions, Alkalization of gastric acid

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7
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is Regular insulin used to treat? What should you monitor for?

A

Hyperkalemia - monitor for hypoglycemia and hypokalemia

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8
Q

What is the ONSET for Regular Insulin -( Humulin-R) ?

A

30 minutes

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9
Q

What is the PEAK for Regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?

A

2 to 4 hours

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10
Q

What is the DURATION for regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?

A

6 to 8 hours

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11
Q

What class is Albuterol?

A

Bronchodilator/Adrenergic

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12
Q

What is Albuterol used to treat?

A

Asthma/COPD/Respiratory Acidosis

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13
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Albuterol?

A

Bronchodilation, prevents Bronchospasms, Used for respiratory acidosis by allowing more oxygen in and more CO2 out.

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14
Q

What class is Furosemide?

A

Diuretic/loop diuretic

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15
Q

what is furosemide used to treat?

A

Edema due to HF, HTN

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16
Q

What alteration can furosemide cause and why?

A

Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)

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17
Q

what are the therapeutic effects of furosemide?

A

Diuresis and removal of excess fluids

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18
Q

What class is bumetanide?

A

Diuretic/Loop diuretic

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19
Q

What is bumetanide used to treat?

A

Edema due to HF, hepatic disease or renal impairment

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20
Q

What alteration can bumetanide cause and why?

A

Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)

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21
Q

what are the theraputic effects of Bumetanide

A

Diuresis and removal of excess fluids

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22
Q

What class is HCTZ?

A

Thiazide diruetic/antihypertenisve

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23
Q

What is HCTZ used to treat?

A

Management of HTN, Edema related to HF and renal dysfunction.

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24
Q

What alteration can HCTZ cause and why?

A

Metabolic alkalosis due to the excretion of fluid and electrolytes

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25
Q

Nursing considerations for HCTZ?

A

Look for Hypokalemia, dehydration.

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26
Q

what class is of medication is naloxone?

A

opioid antagonist/antidote

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27
Q

what metabolic alteration does naloxone help treat and how?

A

Respiratory acidosis. If a person has overdosed they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.

28
Q

What class of medication is naltrexone? Used for?

A

opioid antagonist/ alcohol withdrawal.

29
Q

what metabolic alteration does naltrexone help treat and how?

A

Respiratory acidosis. If a person is intoxicated they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.

30
Q

what class of medication is prednisone?

A

steroid, anti-inflammatory

31
Q

what metabolic alteration does Prednisone help treat and how?

A

Respiratory acidosis. Helps reduce airway inflammation.

32
Q

What class of medication is Acetylcysteine?

A

antidote/mucolytic

33
Q

What metabolic alteration is acetylcysteine used to treat? How?

A

Respiratory acidosis, helps mobilizing of secretions and treats acetaminophen overdose (which causes lactic acidosis)

34
Q

What class of medication is lorazepam?

A

Benzo/anti-anxiety

35
Q

what metabolic alteration can lorazepam cause/treat? why?

A

can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.

36
Q

What class of medication is diazepam?

A

Benzo/anti-anxiety

37
Q

what metabolic alteration can diazepam cause/treat? why?

A

can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.

38
Q

what class of medication is promethazine?

A

antiemetic/antihistamine, sedative

39
Q

what metabolic alteration can promethazine cause/treat? why?

A

can cause respiratory acidosis from over sedation and can treat metabolic alkalosis from preventing vomitting

40
Q

what class of medication is ondansetron?

A

antiemetic

41
Q

what metabolic alteration can ondansetron cause/treat? why?

A

Can treat metabolic alkalosis by prevention of vomiting and loss of acid

42
Q

what class of medication is potassium chloride?

A

mineral/electrolyte supplement

43
Q

what metabolic alteration can potassium cause/treat? why?

A

treats hypokalemia which is associated with alkalosis

44
Q

what class is kayexalate?

A

electrolyte modifier

45
Q

what metabolic alteration can kayexalate cause/treat? why?

A

Hyperkalemia associated with metabolic acidosis, kayexalate helps excrete potassium

46
Q

what drug class is phenytoin?

A

antiepileptic

47
Q

Medication class that reduces the production of glucose by the liver and increases the use of glucose by muscle and fat cells. Give an example.

A

Biguanides - E.g. Metformin

48
Q

Medication class that Increases the ability of islet cells of the pancreas to secret insulin. Give an example.

A

sulfonylureas - Eg. Glipizide

49
Q

Medication class that decreases the resistance to insulin by up-regulating cell receptors (up-regulators). Give an example.

A

Thiazolidinediones - E.g. - Pioglitazone (Actos)

50
Q

Medication class that Slows carbohydrate digestion to control blood glucose. Give an example.

A

alpha-glucosidase - e.g. acarbose.

51
Q

Medication class that stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin right after a meal. Give an example.

A

Meglitinides - e.g. repaglinide

D-Pehnylalanine derivatives - E.g. Nateglinide

52
Q

class of medication that Inhibits the breakdown of incretins (incretins help body produce insulin when needed): increase post meal insulin secretions. Give an example.

A

DPP-4 inhibitors - e.g. Sitagliptin

53
Q

Works with other diabetes medications to lower blood glucose. give an example.

A

bile acid sequestrants - e.g. colesevelam (welchol)

54
Q

Injectable class of medication that after eating, simulates pancreatic insulin realease, decreases excessive glucagon release, slows glucose absorption into blood steam by slow stomach emptying.

A

GLP-1 receptor agonist - Extenatide

55
Q

What is the ONSET for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog) ?

A

About 15 minutes or less

56
Q

What is the PEAK for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?

A

1 to 3 hours

57
Q

What is the DURATION for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?

A

3 to 5 hours

58
Q

What is the ONSET for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

A

1 to 2 hours

59
Q

What is the PEAK for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

A

6 to 12 hours

60
Q

What is the DURATION for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

A

18 to 24 hours

61
Q

What is the ONSET for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

A

about 1.5 hours

62
Q

What is the PEAK for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

A

none

63
Q

What is the DURATION for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

A

24 hours

64
Q

What is the ONSET for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

A

30 minutes

65
Q

What is the PEAK for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

A

2 to 12 hours

66
Q

What is the DURATION for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

A

24 hours

Nursing 231 - Exam 1 (8 decks)

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