EXAM 1 - ABG/DKA DRUGS Flashcards
DRUGS DEALING WITH ABG AND DKA
What class is Ammonium Chloride?
Acidifying agent/electrolyte modifier
What is Ammonium Chloride used to treat?
Metabolic Alkalosis and Hypochloremia
What are the therapeutic effects of ammonium chloride?
Decreases pH and correction of metabolic alkalosis
What class is Sodium Bicarb?
Alkalinizing Agents/Antacid
What is sodium Bicarb used to treat?
Metabolic Acidosis
What are the theraputic effects of Sodium Bicarb?
Releases Bicarb ions, Alkalization of gastric acid
What electrolyte imbalance is Regular insulin used to treat? What should you monitor for?
Hyperkalemia - monitor for hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
What is the ONSET for Regular Insulin -( Humulin-R) ?
30 minutes
What is the PEAK for Regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?
2 to 4 hours
What is the DURATION for regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?
6 to 8 hours
What class is Albuterol?
Bronchodilator/Adrenergic
What is Albuterol used to treat?
Asthma/COPD/Respiratory Acidosis
What are the therapeutic effects of Albuterol?
Bronchodilation, prevents Bronchospasms, Used for respiratory acidosis by allowing more oxygen in and more CO2 out.
What class is Furosemide?
Diuretic/loop diuretic
what is furosemide used to treat?
Edema due to HF, HTN
What alteration can furosemide cause and why?
Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)
what are the therapeutic effects of furosemide?
Diuresis and removal of excess fluids
What class is bumetanide?
Diuretic/Loop diuretic
What is bumetanide used to treat?
Edema due to HF, hepatic disease or renal impairment
What alteration can bumetanide cause and why?
Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)
what are the theraputic effects of Bumetanide
Diuresis and removal of excess fluids
What class is HCTZ?
Thiazide diruetic/antihypertenisve
What is HCTZ used to treat?
Management of HTN, Edema related to HF and renal dysfunction.
What alteration can HCTZ cause and why?
Metabolic alkalosis due to the excretion of fluid and electrolytes
Nursing considerations for HCTZ?
Look for Hypokalemia, dehydration.
what class is of medication is naloxone?
opioid antagonist/antidote
what metabolic alteration does naloxone help treat and how?
Respiratory acidosis. If a person has overdosed they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.
What class of medication is naltrexone? Used for?
opioid antagonist/ alcohol withdrawal.
what metabolic alteration does naltrexone help treat and how?
Respiratory acidosis. If a person is intoxicated they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.
what class of medication is prednisone?
steroid, anti-inflammatory
what metabolic alteration does Prednisone help treat and how?
Respiratory acidosis. Helps reduce airway inflammation.
What class of medication is Acetylcysteine?
antidote/mucolytic
What metabolic alteration is acetylcysteine used to treat? How?
Respiratory acidosis, helps mobilizing of secretions and treats acetaminophen overdose (which causes lactic acidosis)
What class of medication is lorazepam?
Benzo/anti-anxiety
what metabolic alteration can lorazepam cause/treat? why?
can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.
What class of medication is diazepam?
Benzo/anti-anxiety
what metabolic alteration can diazepam cause/treat? why?
can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.
what class of medication is promethazine?
antiemetic/antihistamine, sedative
what metabolic alteration can promethazine cause/treat? why?
can cause respiratory acidosis from over sedation and can treat metabolic alkalosis from preventing vomitting
what class of medication is ondansetron?
antiemetic
what metabolic alteration can ondansetron cause/treat? why?
Can treat metabolic alkalosis by prevention of vomiting and loss of acid
what class of medication is potassium chloride?
mineral/electrolyte supplement
what metabolic alteration can potassium cause/treat? why?
treats hypokalemia which is associated with alkalosis
what class is kayexalate?
electrolyte modifier
what metabolic alteration can kayexalate cause/treat? why?
Hyperkalemia associated with metabolic acidosis, kayexalate helps excrete potassium
what drug class is phenytoin?
antiepileptic
Medication class that reduces the production of glucose by the liver and increases the use of glucose by muscle and fat cells. Give an example.
Biguanides - E.g. Metformin
Medication class that Increases the ability of islet cells of the pancreas to secret insulin. Give an example.
sulfonylureas - Eg. Glipizide
Medication class that decreases the resistance to insulin by up-regulating cell receptors (up-regulators). Give an example.
Thiazolidinediones - E.g. - Pioglitazone (Actos)
Medication class that Slows carbohydrate digestion to control blood glucose. Give an example.
alpha-glucosidase - e.g. acarbose.
Medication class that stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin right after a meal. Give an example.
Meglitinides - e.g. repaglinide
D-Pehnylalanine derivatives - E.g. Nateglinide
class of medication that Inhibits the breakdown of incretins (incretins help body produce insulin when needed): increase post meal insulin secretions. Give an example.
DPP-4 inhibitors - e.g. Sitagliptin
Works with other diabetes medications to lower blood glucose. give an example.
bile acid sequestrants - e.g. colesevelam (welchol)
Injectable class of medication that after eating, simulates pancreatic insulin realease, decreases excessive glucagon release, slows glucose absorption into blood steam by slow stomach emptying.
GLP-1 receptor agonist - Extenatide
What is the ONSET for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog) ?
About 15 minutes or less
What is the PEAK for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?
1 to 3 hours
What is the DURATION for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?
3 to 5 hours
What is the ONSET for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?
1 to 2 hours
What is the PEAK for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?
6 to 12 hours
What is the DURATION for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?
18 to 24 hours
What is the ONSET for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?
about 1.5 hours
What is the PEAK for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?
none
What is the DURATION for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?
24 hours
What is the ONSET for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)
30 minutes
What is the PEAK for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)
2 to 12 hours
What is the DURATION for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)
24 hours
