Exam 1 Module 4 Flashcards
What type of acute infection is the most common caus of illness in an infant or child
Acute infection of the respiratory tract
Are tongues larger in infants than in adults?
- can a displacement of the tongue quickly cause an airway obstruction
yes and yes
why is it bad that children have an airway that is short and narrow in infants and children
If edema or mucus is present it can easily cause obstruction
- Allows for infections to travel quickly to the lower airways
Do children have a significantly higher or lower metabolic rate which either increases or decreases O2 demand?
Have a higher metabolic rate which requires a higher demand for O2
What RSV?
- what is it?
- is it contagious?
What is bronchiolitis?
RSV is a virus that causes acute inflammation of the bronchioles and small bronchi
- yes
- lower resp. tract illness causing inflammation and obstruction of bronchioles caused by RSV
RSV causes air to be allowed __ but mucus and airway leads to difficulty getting air ___ and this causes what?
- The pathophysiology can lead to what?
Wheezing and crackles in the airway
- apnea and pulmonary edema
Why does RSV put patients at risk for resp. failure
Carbon dioxide levels increases and O2 decreases
How can RSV spread
droplet and contact with contaminated surfaces/items
What are the risk factors for RSV
- what age for infants is it highly likely
- its at greater risk for those who have/are
Infants < 6 months
- born prematurely
- born with CHD
- weak immune system
- exposed to secondhand smoke
Is good hand hygiene good at preventing disease?
- is avoiding crowds and not sharing items with people are sick a good idea for disease prevention
- of course!
- Yes
What are the CDC recommendations for RSV at
- Adults 60+?
- Infants?
- Pregnant individuals
Adults: a single dose of RSV vaccine
- Infants: single dose < 8 months born at 1st RSV season, 1 dose for 8-19 months who are at risk for severe RSV disease
- Pregnant: 1 dose of maternal RSV vaccine during weeks 32-36
What vaccine is an RSV F protein inhibitor monoclonal antibody that boosts the immune systems to slow/stop th spread of RSV
Synogis
Synagis prevents RSV in children < __ months who are at high risk for developing ___ and have underlying conditions
24 months; RSV
Is Synagis qualified for those who are born at or before 35 weeks and are 6 months of age or less at the start of RSV season?
YES
What is Beyfortus
Long-acting monoclonal antibody given via IM injection for prevention of RSV lower resp. tract disease in neonates and infants BORN DURING OR ENTERING THEIR FIRST RSV SEASON
What weeks of pregnancy is recommended to give Abrysvo?
32-36 weeks of pregnancy
Clinical manifestation of RSV
- what are the clinical manifestations?
- What does it do to the airway
- what are emergent symptoms
Severe cases?
- Rhinorrhea
- Nasal Congestion
- Cough
- Sneezing
- Intermittent low-grade fever
- Difficulty feeding
- coughing
- wheezing
- tachypnea
- excessive secretions
- buildup of thick secretions that block and obstruct airways if not cleared
emergent symptoms:
- Nasal flaring
- Sternal retractions
- Gruntin
- Adventitious breath sounds
- Cyanosis
- Hypoxia
Severe:
Apneic spells
What are the diagnostic tests for RSV
- one involves a nasal swab
- Which looks for genetic material from the RSV
- Which is a chest scan?
- What is an acronym for arterial blood gas?
-rapid RSV antigen detection test (nasal swab)
- RT-PCR (molecular tests
- Resp. pathogen panel
- Chest x-ray
- ABG
Those currently admitted for RSV are treated with what
hypertonic solution
- reduces the edema and improve mucous clearance
Treatment for RSV pediatrics
- Oral and IV hydration
- ## nasal suctioning
What is the biggest prioritization for child with RSV
Airway
What is CF
- what can CF lead to?
- inherited disorder
- mutation in protein CFTR gene
- increased secretion of mucus and obstructs airway and organs
- leads to infection and impaired gas exchange
is there an increase in sodium and chloride content of sweat for CF
yes
do parents both need to carry the recessive trait of CF?
yes
What can be clinical manifestations/reasons for CF
Family Hx
- freq. resp. infections
- FTT
- Meconium ileus at birth
With CF, what happens to the liver, pancreas, and integumentary?
liver
- bile duct blocked by mucus
Pancreas
- Mucus secretion leads to pancreatic duct clogged
- no pancreatic enzymes, cant absorb fat and protein
Integumentary
- salty sweat, tears, saliva
