Exam 1 Module 3 Flashcards
At what age are newborns screned for hearing loss
- what is the screening test for hearing loss called?
- If they fail the hearing test, what do you do?
1-2 days old
- otoacoustic emissions test (OAE)
- try the hearing test one more time
What is the name of the eye chart used for vision tests/screening?
Rosenbaum eye-chart
Signs of hearing impairment:
- do they startle to loud noises?
- do they turn to sounds?
- are they able to ay single words by 12-15 months old if they cannot hear?
- do they need tv louder or quieter?
- no
- no
- no
- need louder
What is the pathophysiology of Glaucoma?
increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
- either inc. fluid drainage or inc. in fluid secretion
what is the difference between open-angled and close-angled glaucoma?
open-angle:
- most common form, starts gradually (increases IO pressure slowly
- affects both eyes
Closed-angle:
- SUDDEN
- IOP rises rapidly
- unilaterally
What are the risk factors for glaucoma (what increases the chances of developing it?)
- age
- race
- infection
- tumors
- family Hx
- HTN
- DM
What are prevention activities for glaucoma
regular eye exam
- healthy diet
- exercise
- manage BP
- stop smoking
What is the name for the diagnostic test for glaucoma?
Tonometry
- measures IOP
What is gonioscopy (measures the angle of what?
MEausres the drainage angle of the anterior chamber of the eyes
What is visual field testing?
Determines the amount of vision lost in the peripheral and central visual fields
Is there a cure for glaucoma?
NO
What is the first route of treatment for glaucoma?
The least invasive treatment initiated first
- Eye drops
What do eye drops do to the eye?
- where should the drops go to?
- what is the name of the 2 drugs?
- what pharmacological class is it?
Helps decrease intraocular pressure
- into the conjunctival sac
- timolol and Iodine
-its a beta blocker/alpha 2 adrenergic-agonist “idine”
Function of timolol (beta blocker)
Decrrases aqueous humor production
What is the prostaglandin analogs eye drop used to treat and what is its action? its an STR!
Ex: Latanoprost
- used to treat open-angle glaucoma
action: Increases the outflow of aqueous humor
What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitor eye drops do and what an example ( what to ask Pt???)
Ex: Acetazolamide (-mide)
Action: Dec. IOP by Dec. aqueous humor production
- Make sure to ask Pt i they are allergic to Sulfa
What is the function of Systemi Osmotic and name of drug?
Used in an emergency for open-angle glaucoma
- Ex: Mannitol
What are the 2 names for surgical treatments of Glaucoma
Laser trabeculoplasty: Tx of choice!
Trabeculectomy: PErmanent fistula i created to drain aqueous humor from the chamber of the eye
What are the 3 types of pediatric glaucoma?
congenital glaucoma: Diagnosed at birth
Infantile glaucoma: Diagnosed 1-24 months
Juvenile glaucoma: Diagnosed 3 years of age or older
clinical manifestations of glaucoma for pediatrics
- photophobia
- excessive tearing
- larger than normal eyes
- corneal clouding
Priority education/discharge teaching
- should you administer eye drops as prescribed?
- Should you use OTC meds even if the physician doesn’t approve it?
- what activities should be avoided that can increase ocular pressure
- should you wear sunglasses when outside
- Should you attend follow-up eye appointments
- yes
- no
- bending at the waist, sneezing, coughing, straining, restrictive clothing
- yes
What post-operative negative manifestations should be reported to the doctor?
- what should you not place in the eye for a week
- temp over 100.4
- purulent drainage from the eye
- vision changes
- severe eye pain
- no contacts or a week
