Exam 1 Module 3

Question 1

At what age are newborns screned for hearing loss
- what is the screening test for hearing loss called?
- If they fail the hearing test, what do you do?

Answer 1

1-2 days old
- otoacoustic emissions test (OAE)
- try the hearing test one more time

Question 2

What is the name of the eye chart used for vision tests/screening?

Answer 2

Rosenbaum eye-chart

Question 3

Signs of hearing impairment:
- do they startle to loud noises?
- do they turn to sounds?
- are they able to ay single words by 12-15 months old if they cannot hear?
- do they need tv louder or quieter?

Answer 3

• no
• no
• no
• need louder

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology of Glaucoma?

Answer 4

increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
- either inc. fluid drainage or inc. in fluid secretion

Question 5

what is the difference between open-angled and close-angled glaucoma?

Answer 5

open-angle:
- most common form, starts gradually (increases IO pressure slowly
- affects both eyes

Closed-angle:
- SUDDEN
- IOP rises rapidly
- unilaterally

Question 6

What are the risk factors for glaucoma (what increases the chances of developing it?)

Answer 6

• age
• race
• infection
• tumors
• family Hx
• HTN
• DM

Question 7

What are prevention activities for glaucoma

Answer 7

regular eye exam
- healthy diet
- exercise
- manage BP
- stop smoking

Question 8

What is the name for the diagnostic test for glaucoma?

Answer 8

Tonometry
- measures IOP

Question 9

What is gonioscopy (measures the angle of what?

Answer 9

MEausres the drainage angle of the anterior chamber of the eyes

Question 10

What is visual field testing?

Answer 10

Determines the amount of vision lost in the peripheral and central visual fields

Question 11

Is there a cure for glaucoma?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

What is the first route of treatment for glaucoma?

Answer 12

The least invasive treatment initiated first
- Eye drops

Question 13

What do eye drops do to the eye?
- where should the drops go to?
- what is the name of the 2 drugs?
- what pharmacological class is it?

Answer 13

Helps decrease intraocular pressure
- into the conjunctival sac
- timolol and Iodine
-its a beta blocker/alpha 2 adrenergic-agonist “idine”

Question 14

Function of timolol (beta blocker)

Answer 14

Decrrases aqueous humor production

Question 15

What is the prostaglandin analogs eye drop used to treat and what is its action? its an STR!

Answer 15

Ex: Latanoprost
- used to treat open-angle glaucoma
action: Increases the outflow of aqueous humor

Question 16

What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitor eye drops do and what an example ( what to ask Pt???)

Answer 16

Ex: Acetazolamide (-mide)
Action: Dec. IOP by Dec. aqueous humor production
- Make sure to ask Pt i they are allergic to Sulfa

Question 17

What is the function of Systemi Osmotic and name of drug?

Answer 17

Used in an emergency for open-angle glaucoma
- Ex: Mannitol

Question 18

What are the 2 names for surgical treatments of Glaucoma

Answer 18

Laser trabeculoplasty: Tx of choice!

Trabeculectomy: PErmanent fistula i created to drain aqueous humor from the chamber of the eye

Question 19

What are the 3 types of pediatric glaucoma?

Answer 19

congenital glaucoma: Diagnosed at birth
Infantile glaucoma: Diagnosed 1-24 months
Juvenile glaucoma: Diagnosed 3 years of age or older

Question 20

clinical manifestations of glaucoma for pediatrics

Answer 20

• photophobia
• excessive tearing
• larger than normal eyes
• corneal clouding

Question 21

Priority education/discharge teaching

• should you administer eye drops as prescribed?
• Should you use OTC meds even if the physician doesn’t approve it?
• what activities should be avoided that can increase ocular pressure
• should you wear sunglasses when outside
• Should you attend follow-up eye appointments

Answer 21

• yes
• no
• bending at the waist, sneezing, coughing, straining, restrictive clothing
• yes

Question 22

What post-operative negative manifestations should be reported to the doctor?
- what should you not place in the eye for a week

Answer 22

• temp over 100.4
• purulent drainage from the eye
• vision changes
• severe eye pain
• no contacts or a week