Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Holistic NURS-376 > Exam 1: Module 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we assess if the child is meeting milestones

A

We see if the child is meeting the milestones of EACH CATEGORY FOR THEIR PARTICULAR AGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Denver scale?

A

It is a scale of ranges of ages when milestones arrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the classic milestones are seen as an ________ range so if the child is not seen in this, it is possible a problem.

A

the classic milestones are seen as an “average” range so if the child is not seen in this, it is possible a problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The 4 developmental milestones look at and/or are evaluated are:

A
  • gross motor
  • fine motor/vision/sensory
  • social/play
  • language/hearing/sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the developental theories in infancy?

A

Developmental Theories in Infancy

Erikson’s theory of development: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Attachments start to form/negative feeling response when needs not met
- Providing basic needs establishes trust
- parents/caregivers are the center of the social circle
- Separation anxiety and progresses

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: Sensorimotor
- Infant uses sense to explore environment
- Infants learn object permanence-infants learn that a object still exists outside of their view (9-10 months)
- Learn to separate themselves from the environment

Freud’s theory of psychosexual development: Oral phase
- Biting and sucking = pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are infants HR and RR slightly higher or lower throughout infancy?

A

slowly lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are infants resp. irregular or regular with short or long periodic pauses?

A

Infants resp. are irregular with SHORT periodic pauses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do infants BP slowly rise or lower throuhgout infancy?

A

Bp slowly rises throughout infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the HR and RR range for a newborn (birth-4weeks) and and infants?

PRetty much the same

A

Newborn
- HR: 110-160 bpm
- RR: 30-60 bpm

Infant
- HR: 90-160 bpm
- RR: 25-60 bpm

Pretty much the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe how infants breathe (through mouth or nose and for how long does this last?)

  • are nasal passages narrower or wider?
  • Is the larynx more funnel shaped or mroe cone shaped
  • are there more alveoli or less?
  • is skin very thin or very thick
  • are interostal muscels well developed or poorly?
  • large occipital cranial bones or smaller occipital bones compared to adults?
A

Infants are obligatory nose breathers for 8-12 weeks of life

  • narrower
  • funnel-shaped
  • significantly less alveoli
  • skin is very thin
  • poorly developed
  • Larger Occipital cranial bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the physical developmental milestones of an infant?
- what is the weight
- normally lose how much of birth weight right after birth?
- at 6 months, how much should weight be? (compared to birth weight)
- at 1 year how much should weight be (compared to birth weight)
- do breastfed infants gain more or less weight? (gain more or less but…)

length
- avg length?
- how much does it inc. per month and for how long?
- length increased by __% at 1 year of age

Head circumference
- till what age do we measure?
- What is avg. circumference
- chest circumference is equal to head circumference by what year?

A
  • avg weihgt 6-8 lbs
  • normally lose 10% of birth weiht after birth
  • 6 months- doubled
  • 1 year - tripled
  • breastfed infants gain less weight but then catch up

length
- 20in(50cm)
- length increases 2.5cm (1 in) monthly for first 6 month and then slows
- length increases by 50% at 1 year of age

Head circumference
- Measured till 2-3 yrs of age
- avg circumference: 33-35cm (12-14in)
- chest= to head circumference by end of 1st year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are soft spots on infants?
- why is it important?
- when does each close?
- what are the 2 abnormalities in fontanels?

A

“soft spots” are where 2 sutures join on the head
- importnant bc it allows for growth of the brain and skull during the ifrst year of life
- Anterior is the larger fontanel and closes by 12-18 months
- posterior is the slammer fontanel and closes by 2-3 months
- abnormalities are sunken/depressed and bulging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Priority Interventions: Teething & Dental Care

When does teething begin and what location?
- how to comfort teething baby
- At 12 months, how much teeth?
- what age should 1st dentist appt be at

A
  • 6-10 months and 1st primary teeth erupt lower central incisciors followed by the upper central incisors
  • comfort by giving cold teethers, frozen cloth
  • 12 months = 6-8 teeth
  • 1st dentist appointment: 12 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the formula for knowing how much teeth a child should hvae?

A

The age of the child in months - 6 = # Teeth
*Ex: Infant is 8 months - 6 =
should have approx. 2 teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Language

  • what is a babies primary language
  • what is echolalia
  • what kind of mechanical senses affects language for an infant
  • does reading to infants help inc. language and vocab development?
A
  • crying
  • the progress to comprehending simple commands and repeating words
  • Hearing affects language
  • YES!, direct link to it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social play

  • Does it allow kids to develop cognitive skills, express emotions, and react to situations?
  • what age is 1st sign of play?
  • what age is there regular smiling and cooing?
  • what age do infants look to others to interact and play with?
  • lack of response by infant wih playing can mean what?
A
  • yes
  • 4-6 weeks of age
  • 3 months of age
  • 3-6 months
  • developmental delays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reflexes

What is the moro relfex and when does it disappear?

A

it is the startle reflex and dissapears at 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tonic neck and when does it disappear?

A

baby looks lik it is pulling an imagined bow and arrow

  • Elicited when infant lies supine and head is turned
    to one side the arm and leg on the side the head is
    turn EXTENDS and the opposite side leg and arm
    FLEX
  • Disappears by 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two grasp reflexes?

A

Palmar and Plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the rooting reflex and at what age does it disappear

A

when sid of infants mouth is touched and causes baby to turn (to suckle)
- disappears by 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the step reflex and when does it disappear

A

when holding a baby upright and feet are touching the ground, the baby will try to walk and it disappears by 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the babinski reflex and when does it disappear

A

fanning of toes when sole of foot is strokoed upward and disappears at 12-24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the gag, cough, blink, and pupillary relfexes at as? (what does it help the body do?)

A

Protective reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are gross motor skills or an infant?
- what doe we assess?

A

it is the use of all muscles in a way that does NOT INVLOVE HAND/EYE COORDINATION which ends up being esentially everything except eye/finger movements
It assesses:
* Head control
* Rolling over front to back/back to front
* Sitting
* Crawling
* Standing
* Cruising
* Walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the gross developmental milestones for an infant
(2, 4(-6), 6(-9), 9(-12), 12 months

A

2 months
- lit head 45 degrees, head control by 4 months

4(-6) months
- roll over (front to back first, then back to front)

6(-9) months
- sitting

9(-12) months
- crawl, stand

12 months
- walk (the goal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are fine motor skills for an infant?
- what two things are necesary to achieve many of the milestones?

  • what are the initial milestones for fine motor?

What are the fine motor stages?
(3,5,9,12 months)

A

involves small movements of the hands and wrists and requires coordination between muscles and brain
- dexterity and vision

  • fixating and following objects with their eyes then moving objects

3 months
- reaching out and touching toys

5 months
- hand to hand transfer

9 months
- pincher grasp - grasping Cheerios (por ejemplo)

12 months
- build 2 block tower, hold crayon, scribbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Developmental goals by 1 year of age
- do infants grow and develop skills more rapidly or slowy than any other time in their life?
- Gross motor goal is to do what?
- fine motor goal is what
- language goal is to say how many words with meaning
- social skill goals are to recognize what?

A
  • more rapidly
  • walk
  • pincher grasp
  • 1-2 words with meaning
  • recognize themselves from their parents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

memorization tricks
- how to memorize the month of well child checks?

A
  • 2 days, 2 weeks, 2 months
    then add 2 months twice
    2 months + 2 = 4 months
    4 months + 2 = 6 months
  • after 6 months it is by 3 for FOUR visits
  • 6 + 3 = 9, 12, 15, 18 months
    then full years after that
  • 2,3,4, and 5 years)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Month by month
Gross motor for:
- 2 month
- 4 month
- 6 month
- 9 month
- 12 months

A

2 month
- lift head 45 degrees
- move arms and legs
- open hands briefly

4 month
- Holds head up without support
- pushes up using own arms and elbow
** Rolls over (from front to back first then back to front by 5-6 months)

6 months
Sits up with support (leans on hands and unsupported by 8 months)

9 months
Pulls to stand holding furnitue
- crawling
- sits uprithgt by 10-12 months

12 months
Walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Month to month
Fine motor for:
- 2 month
- 4 month
- 6 month
- 9 month
- 12 months

A

2 month
- Follow objets past midline
- follow more with eyes than hands
-prefers light/dark

4 month
- reach for objects
- holds toy
- puts stuff in mouth
- recognizes familiar faces

6 months
- Trasnfer objects between hands
- Holds bottle
- Grasps feet pulling them to mouth

9 months
- Pincher grasp develops

12 months
- drinks from sippy cup
- eats with fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Month to month
Language and hearing for:
- 2 month
- 4 month
- 6 month
- 9 month
- 12 months

A

2 month
- social smile
- turns to sound
- makes sounds other than crying

4 month
- cooing “ohhh” ahh”
- laughs

6 months
- responds to own name
- babbles
- stranger anxiety

9 months
- responds to word “no”
- specific babbling

12 months
- saying purposeful words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Month to month
Social/play for:
- 2 month
- 4 month
- 6 month
- 9 month
- 12 months

A

2 month
- likes Mobiles
- music
-rocking
- cuddling

4 month
- easy to grasp toys
- toys with sounds

6 months
- likes teething toys
- looks in mirror
- soft books
- interacts with others

9 months
- plays with large blocks
- surprise toys (jack in the box)

12 months
- Peekaboo
- can build 2 block tower
- places objects in containers
- recognizes self from parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Priority labs and diagnositcis for infants
- what are the 4 health screenings and monitoring for infants?
- what is always measured when screening (basic physical)

A
  • PKU
  • iron deficiency anemia
  • lead poisioning
  • hypothyroidism
  • screening for length, weight, height
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What should nurse teach new parents about infants?

A
  • basic infant care
  • leeping
  • nutrition
35
Q

Sleep and Activity
- how much sleep per day?
- how to always position a baby to prevent what?
- is it okay to sleep with the baby in the same bed?
- shoul their be anything in the bed with the baby when sleping or alone?

A
  • 15 hours
  • always position on their back to prevent SIDS
  • no, no co-sleeping
  • no, nothing in crib
36
Q

why is it important to encourage head control and turning over for an infant?
This helps prevent what?

A

Helps to prevent positional plagiocephaly

37
Q

Infant nutrition

  • is human breast milk the least complete and least easily digested?
  • how much formula to give to infant per 24 hours?
  • how soon does prepared formula need to be used
  • at what age do you help the finant transition to whole milk?
A
  • no, it is most complete and easily digested (19-20 kcal/oz)
  • similar to commercially prepared iron-fortified formula (18-20kcal/oz)
  • 28-30oz formula per 24 hours
  • formula needs to be used within 2 hours or can be refrigerated for 24 hours
  • transition at 12 months
38
Q

infant nutrition

what is required for a baby to be able to sit while eating?
- what age to introduce solid-puree foods?
- how much food should you introduce at a time
- what age to introduce junior foods/chopped table foods at?
- when are juices reommended?

A
  • needs to be able to hold their head up with control
  • introduce at 6 months
    start with cereal, then veggies, then fruits
  • introduce only 1 FOOD at a time
  • chopped table foods at 1 year
  • juices recommended after 1 year
39
Q

Safety for infants
- how should baby seat be aranged for proper dafety?
- how to increase dafety in baby cribs?

A
  • rear facing in approved car sear in bak seat of the car until age of 2
  • NOTHING in baby cribs and rails up
40
Q

what are the 6 injury preventions?

A

Aspiration
- avoid grapes, popcorn, hotdogs
Suffocation
Falls
Poisonings
Burns
Drowning

41
Q

Developmental theories: Toddler
What iare the 3 theories and their description

A

Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
- lack of self control/ care can cause feeling of shame and self-doubt
- learn self-control, will power

Piaget: Pre-operational
- begin to:
develop reasoning, imitate behaviors, learn chores, master self-care, Very curious

Freud: Anal Stage
- Recognize the importance and capacity of body parts

42
Q

Vital signs: Toddler
- does HR slow compared to infants and what is the normal range?
- Does RR slow or increase and become more or less regular? what is the normal RRpm
- Does BP increase or decrase compared to infants
- is temp imilar to adults?

A
  • HR slows
  • HR: 80-140 bpm
  • RR slows and becomes more regular
  • normal is 25-30 RRpm
  • BP increased compared to infants
  • temp is similar yes
43
Q

Physiological changes for Toddler:
- Anterior fontanel closes by what age?
- are there growth spurts in toddlers ?
- Are the abdomens larger for toddlers or smaller?
- how much weight do toddlers gain per year/height
- by 2.5 years, birth wiehgt should have ____________ in weight
- how much teeth by 2.5 years

A
  • 18 months
  • Yes, there are growth spurts
  • abdomen appears larger
  • toddlers gain 4-6 lbs per year/3in per year
  • quadrupled
  • 20 teeth by 2.5 years
44
Q

1-3 year age development summary
Gross motor
Fine motor
Language
Social/play

A

Gross motor
- walks well
- throws
- runs up and down stairs

Fine motor
- Stacking blocks
- uses spoon and cup well
- scribbles
- hold a crayon
- can copy a circle

Language
- 300 words by age 2
- knows 3 numbers by age 3

Social/Play
- Energetic
- Ritualistic
- Imitates
- Push toys
- Drersses Self (3 years)

45
Q

A typical toddler description
- What are the largest parts of their body?
- what sticks out?
- what part of their body is short and soft?
- what type of stance
- How do they walk?

A

Typical toddler:
* Head and abdomen are the largest part of the body
* Rounded abdomen sticks out
* Arms and legs are short and “soft”
* Wide stance
* Slight sway/waddle when they walk

46
Q

Nutriton for Toddler
- Limit juice to how much per day?
What happens to growth and appetite of toddler?

A
  • 4-6 oz/day
  • Growth slows = appetite lessens
47
Q

Oral/Dental Hygiene for Toddler
- by what age do toddlers have a full set of teeth
- burshing teeth starts with just what and then advances to what?

A
  • 2.5 years
  • Starts with jsut water then advances to pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste
48
Q

Sleep: Toddler

How much sleep per day required?
- how many naps per day
- is it typical for a toddelr to cry and not want to go to bed?
- Is onsistent bedtie routine important for a toddler?
- are nightmares uncommon?

A
  • 12 hours
  • 1 nap
  • yes, very common
  • Yes, consistent bedtime is very important
  • No, nightmares are common
49
Q

Safety: Toddler
- What kind of car seat?
- what is the leading cause of death for toddlers and what is important to mention about small objects?
- How to childproof the home?
- should you supervise play?
- should child wear a helmet?
- Should you start to teach street safety?

A
  • rer faing seat with harness until 2 years of age
  • leading cause of death is drowning
  • small objets are choking hazards so avoid
  • Childproof by having safety gates, teach to avoid oven, stove, remove firearms or locked up, have poison control number close by
  • YES! supervise play
    -YES!, they require a helmet
  • YES! teach street safety
50
Q

Priority Interventions: Toddler
- Are immunizations a priority?
- What teaching would you start so toddler can stop using diapers
- what is common in stressful sitiuations for a toddler?

A
  • yes very important
  • toilet training
  • Regression
51
Q

Unique aspects for a toddelr for Nurses

A
  • Use play during your head to toe assessment
  • Assessments can be done in parents/caregivers laps if needed
  • Ear canal is wider, shorter, and more slanted so when examining the ears pull pinna BACK and DOWN
  • Genital exams
  • Gastrointestinal: avoid tickling with palpation
  • Have child place their hand under yours in the beginning when palpating abdomen
52
Q

Developmental theories for preschoolers

A

Erikson:
- initiative vs. Guilt
- Development of superego; sense of guilt and anxiety when misbehave
- feel sense of accomplishment
- learn right from wrong

Piaget:
- Preoperational
- Preconcpetual 2-4 years
- understand of past/present/future
- learn to socialize with peers
- learns by observing and imitating
Intuative Phase: 4-7 years
- Better concept of time and knows typical routine
- curious about facts
- use words appropriately, but may not understand

Freud: Phallic stage (3-7 years)
- Superego is developing and conscience is emerging
Oedipal stage: Jealousy and rivalry between the same-sex parent and love toward opposite sex
- realizes differences in sex

53
Q

Vital signs: Preschoolers
- HR increases or decreases from toddler?
- RR increases or decreases from toddler?
- BP increases or decreases from toddler?
Temp avg?

A
  • HR decreases (70-110 bpm)
  • RR decreases
  • BP continues to increase (95/57)
  • Temp (97.5F - 98.6F)
54
Q

Preschooler:
Year by Year
Gross Motor
3-4-5years old

A

3 years old
- Climbs well
- Easily walks
- up and down stairs
- Rides tricycle

4 yrs old
- throws a ball overhand
- kicks ball forward
- bounces a ball
- Hops on 1 foot

5 yrs old
- skips
-learns to swim
- skates

55
Q

Preschooler:
Year by Year
FINE Motor
3-4-5years old

A

3 yrs old
- undresses self
- copies a circle
- turns pages 1 at a time
-hold pencil in writing position
- screws/unscrews lids

4 yrs old
- Uses scissors
- draws cirles and squares
- ties shoes

5 yrs old
- Can write some letters
- can dress self
- able to care for own toileting needs

56
Q

Nutrition: Preschooler

  • are they able to chew food now becauese of a full set of teeth?
  • how much calories per kg per day
  • can children at this age still be picky?
  • how to prevent obesity or preschoolers?
A
  • Yes, have a full set of primary teeth
  • 85Kcal per kg
  • yes, but are willing to try new foods at age 5
  • Healthy diet and physical activity very important
57
Q

Sleep: Preschooler
- how many hrs needed?
- are routines for bedtime still important?
- Are preschoolers scared of the dark and can ahve nightmares too?
- how to describe niht terrors for preschoolers?

A
  • 10-13hrs
  • bedtime routines very important
  • yes, afraid of the dark and nightmares
  • niht terrors: child seems awake and are screaming, but they dont respond to parents soothing
58
Q

Oral/dental hygiene for Preschoolers:
- how many times to brush per day (obvious)
- how often to visit the dentist?
- who should help preschoolers with flossing

A
  • 2x a day
  • every 6 months
  • parents should help
59
Q

Safety/injury prevention: Preschoolers
- how should car seat be?
- other 5 things to remember related to preschooler safety?
- What to consider when preschooler is in hospital?

A
  • car seat is forward facing then transitioned to booster with belt
  • Traffic safety and helmets
  • fire prevention/safety
  • stranger danger
  • water safety/drowning
  • home: Keep meds and vitamines out of reach
  • Hospital: Have parent stay with preschooler, confirm meds nd keep in safe area
60
Q

8 priority nursing implications for Preschoolers

A
  • magical thinking and feaes make injury and illnesses stressful
  • regression is normal
  • fear body harm/pain
  • fear invasive procedures and not having control
  • try to continue normal routines asap
  • allow fav. toys, books in hospital
  • encourage parent/caregiver invovlement
  • teach about strangers and personal body safety
61
Q

Helth promotion for preschoolers
- How to assess pain for preschoolers?
- provide what type of guidance and safety
- should the child be included in the care?
- are words more powerful to a preschooler?

A
  • use Faces and FLACC to assess pain
  • Povide anticipatory guidance on safety
  • yes, you should include child in care
    -yes, words are powerful so be careful what words you use.
62
Q

Developmntal theories for School-age
(Erikson and piaget only)

A

Erikson
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- sense of acomplishment (Industry)
- Physical and mental limitations
- children need to feel achievement
- Less egocentric, MORE EMPATHETIC - able to see perspetives of others

Piaget: Cognitive
Concrete operational stage
- Use logical thought and problem solving
- may progress to formal operational with abstract reasoning at the end of school-age
- begin to make decisions and accept responsibility

63
Q

Social Development for school age
- self-concept refers to what? (Definition)

A
  • Refers to a conscious awareness of self-perceptions:
  • such as ones physical characteristics, abilities, values, self-ideals and expectancy, and idea of self relation to others
64
Q

Primary elements of play or School-age

A
  • cooperative play
  • team activities
  • Quiet activities
  • Acquisition of skills
  • Rules and rituals assume greater importance, this age group thrives with rules and rituals
65
Q

School-age parental concerns that are evil (3 things)

A

Lying
Cheating
Stealing

66
Q

Parental concerns
- do children refuse school sometimes?
- Do school-age experience stress and how so and how to resolve it?

A

yes, and you should find out why they are avoiding school
- Yes, they experience it through peer pressure, school, bullying, divorce
- signs are: Stomach aches, headaches, sleep problems, bed wetting, aggressive or stubborn behavior
What to do:Teach problem solving, relaxation, exercise, find the problem

67
Q

The main transition for adolescnets is from ________ to adulthoof

A

childhood

68
Q

Developmental theories for Adolescent
Erikson
Piaget

A

Erikson
- Identify vs. Role Confusion
- teen develop a sense of personal identity
- Become independent from parents/family
- Inability to master this task can lead to dec. self-esteem, depression, etc
- Remember to repect privacy

Piaget
- Formal operational Stage
- Thinking progresses from concrete thoughts to more abstract (love, hate, failures, successes)
- Hypothetical thinking: Ability to think outside of the present
- larger attenton span
- more rational, logical

69
Q

For adolescent, the spiritual development is characterized by…

A
  • questioning of family values and ideals
  • Move to more philosophic thinking
  • Emphasis on personal religion
70
Q

What is Moral development (Kohlberg) or adolescents

A

Adolescents begin to question existing moral values and learn to make choices

71
Q

What risky behaviors are adolescents more likely to do?

A
  • smoking
  • substance abuse
  • obtaining drugs, Rx, substances at parties or with peers
  • suicide
  • depression
72
Q

Motor skills: Adolescent

  • Do they continue to develop or lose fine and gross motor skills?
  • Can puberty be awkward or teenagers?
  • Is this a time where adolescents determine a personal talent in motor areas
  • Do adolscents start to increase their strenght and endurance
A
  • continue to develop fine and gross motor skills
  • yes, it ay be a period of awkwardness
  • yes, they determine personal talents in motor areas
  • Yes, they grow in strength and endurance
73
Q

What is FTT

A

Failure to Thrive
- inadequate growth resulting from the inability to obtain or sue calories required for growth
- When infant falls below 5th perentile for weight, height or falling in percentiles on growth chart (persistent weight loss)

74
Q

What is the most common cause for FTT?
- How often does it happen in a primary care setting?

A

Malnutrition
- it happens 5-10% of the time

75
Q

What are the three things that FTT may stem from?
- What are infants with FTT at risk for?

A

May stem from:
- Inadequate caloric intake, caloric absorption, caloric expenditure

  • Reduced immune and neurocognitive function; short stature;developmental delays, behavioral problems; poor academic success
76
Q

So from the combo of the other reasons FTT stems from, what are the 5 etiologies of FTT?

A
  • Insuficient caloric intake
  • Reduced absorption
  • Inc. metabolic processes
  • Chronic diseases
  • organic vs inorganic FTT
    organic: FTT caused from medical condition
    Inorganic: Caued by environmental, psychosocial, or family concernse (negect, abuse)
77
Q

What are the risk factors for FTT (What would cause FTT for an infant?)

A
  • preterm birth w/low birth weight
  • parental neglect
  • family stress
  • food insecurity
  • lack of parental knowledge
78
Q

What would you expect to see in an infant with FTT?
- what percentile would they be in?
- How would they look?
- How much level activity would they have?
- What behaviors would they present with?

A
  • <5th percentile for weight on growth chart
  • Malnourished appearance, poor muscle tone and lack of subq fat, minial smiling
  • a decreased level of activity
  • withdrawal behavior, developmental delay, absent eye contact, feeding disorder
79
Q

What diagnostic tests would be ordered fro an infant with FTT? (3)

A
  • CBC
  • BMP/CMP
  • Urinalysis (UA)
80
Q

Are medications a primary treatment for FTT

A

No, you have to identify the root cause

81
Q

For a patint with FTT, when is Enteral Nutrition used
- Is it also given to conserve energy for a lethargic infant

A
  • Used when patient cannot comsune adequate nutrients and calories orally but has a GI systerm that is functioning
  • used when pt is:
  • Too weak for sucking
  • unable to coordinate swallowing
  • lacks a gag reflex
  • Used to conserve energy
82
Q

What are the 2 versions of Enteral feeding routes for infants with FTT?
- what are the delivery methods for feeding?

A

Nasoenteric Tubes
- Ostomies

Delivery methods
- Continuous feeding
- Cyclic feeding
- Intermittent Feeding
- Bolus Feeding

83
Q

How to check enteral feeding tube is in the right palce for an infant with FTT?

A

X-Ray

84
Q
A

Holistic NURS-376 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions