Exam 1 - Midterm Review

Question 1

What is Operations?

Answer 1

Operations is the transformation process that converts inputs into outputs

Question 2

What is the Strategic Planning Hierarchy?

Answer 2

1- Corporate Strategy

2- Business Strategy
(Low Cost, Differentiation, Focus)

3- Operations Strategy

Question 3

What are the four elements of Operations Strategy?

Answer 3

1- Mission

2- Objectives
(Cost, Quality, Flexibility, Delivery)

3- Strategic Decisions
(Process, Quality, Capacity, Inventory, Supply Chain)

4- Distinctive Competence

Question 4

What are the Aspects of Demand in the Supply Chain Strategy?

Answer 4

1- Product Life Cycle

2- Profit Margine

3- Average Forecast Error

Question 5

What are the two sections in the Aspects of Demand?

Answer 5

1- Functional (Predictable Demand)

2- Innovative (Unpredictable Demand)

Question 6

In product design, what are the different types of Design Strategies?

Answer 6

1- Market Pull
2- Technology Push
3- Inter-functional View

Question 7

What are the Two Collaboration Approaches in Product Design?

Answer 7

1- Sequential Approach

2- Concurrent Approach

Question 8

What is a modular design?

Answer 8

Interchangeable design using the same resources to create a variety of products

Question 9

What is in the “House of Quality”?

Answer 9

A = Customer Needs

B = Relationship
(Relationship between customer needs and engineering characteristics)

C = Engineering Characteristics

D = Engineering / Technical Trade-offs

Question 10

How many different types of Process Selection, and what are they?

Answer 10

5 different types
1- Project
2- Job Shop
3- Batch
4- Assembly Line
5- Continuous Process

Question 11

What are the three different types of “Order Fulfillment”?

Answer 11

1- Make-to-stock (MTS)

2- Make-to-Order (MTO)

3- Assemble-to-order (ATO)

Question 12

What are the characteristics of Mass Customization?

Answer 12

1- Modular Design & Assemble-to-Order
2- Fast Changeover
3- Postponement of Options

Question 13

What is Little’s Law?

Answer 13

Flow of items through a queuing systems

Question 14

What are the four steps in Determining the Process Capacity?

Answer 14

1- Choose a system-wide measure of capacity to be used for all stages
2- Find the capacity of each individual step in units of the system-wide capacity measure
3- Identify the bottleneck
4- Determine the process / system capacity

Question 15

What are the four types when managing quality and what do they mean?

Answer 15

1- Prevention Cost - cost incurred to prevent poor quality
2- Appraisal Cost - Cost incurred while uncovering defects
3- Internal Failure Cost - cost incurred with discovering poor quality before it reaches the customer
4- External Failure Cost - Cost associated with poor quality product after it reaches a customer

Question 16

What are the two types of variations?

Answer 16

Typical Variation - associated with common/random causes

Atypical - associated with assignable / special causes

Question 17

What are the two types of measurement in quality management tools and how to calculate them?

Answer 17

Continuous Variable Outputs
- X-bar chart (captures shift in sample mean
- R Chart (captures shift in sample variability)

Discrete Variable Outputs (0/1)
P chart ( captures changes in proportion )

Question 18

What is the two step approach?

Answer 18

Step 1 - use “in control” process samples to build control charts

Step 2 - Use the built control charts to test the new samples to check whether the process is still in control

Question 19

What are the components of the X-bar chart?

Answer 19

1- Center Line (mean) of x-bar
2- UCL
3- LCL
4- Mean of Range

Question 20

What are the components of the R chart?

Answer 20

1- Center Line (mean) of R
2- UCL
3- LCL

Question 21

What are the components of the P chart?

Answer 21

1- Center line (mean) of P
2- Standard Deviation
3- UCL
4- LCL

Question 22

What does (N) and (n) stand for?

Answer 22

N = number of samples

n = sample size

Question 23

What are two ways to measure Process Capability?

Answer 23

Cp and Cpk

Question 24

What is Cpk?

Answer 24

A good process capability measure only when the process mean does not skew from the center of the new specifications

Question 25

What does Cpk do?

Answer 25

Considers process mean, thereby is not susceptible to a skewed process mean (in relation to the center of the new specs)