Exam 1 - Midterm Review Flashcards
What is Operations?
Operations is the transformation process that converts inputs into outputs
What is the Strategic Planning Hierarchy?
1- Corporate Strategy
2- Business Strategy
(Low Cost, Differentiation, Focus)
3- Operations Strategy
What are the four elements of Operations Strategy?
1- Mission
2- Objectives
(Cost, Quality, Flexibility, Delivery)
3- Strategic Decisions
(Process, Quality, Capacity, Inventory, Supply Chain)
4- Distinctive Competence
What are the Aspects of Demand in the Supply Chain Strategy?
1- Product Life Cycle
2- Profit Margine
3- Average Forecast Error
What are the two sections in the Aspects of Demand?
1- Functional (Predictable Demand)
2- Innovative (Unpredictable Demand)
In product design, what are the different types of Design Strategies?
1- Market Pull
2- Technology Push
3- Inter-functional View
What are the Two Collaboration Approaches in Product Design?
1- Sequential Approach
2- Concurrent Approach
What is a modular design?
Interchangeable design using the same resources to create a variety of products
What is in the “House of Quality”?
A = Customer Needs
B = Relationship
(Relationship between customer needs and engineering characteristics)
C = Engineering Characteristics
D = Engineering / Technical Trade-offs
How many different types of Process Selection, and what are they?
5 different types
1- Project
2- Job Shop
3- Batch
4- Assembly Line
5- Continuous Process
What are the three different types of “Order Fulfillment”?
1- Make-to-stock (MTS)
2- Make-to-Order (MTO)
3- Assemble-to-order (ATO)
What are the characteristics of Mass Customization?
1- Modular Design & Assemble-to-Order
2- Fast Changeover
3- Postponement of Options
What is Little’s Law?
Flow of items through a queuing systems
What are the four steps in Determining the Process Capacity?
1- Choose a system-wide measure of capacity to be used for all stages
2- Find the capacity of each individual step in units of the system-wide capacity measure
3- Identify the bottleneck
4- Determine the process / system capacity
What are the four types when managing quality and what do they mean?
1- Prevention Cost - cost incurred to prevent poor quality
2- Appraisal Cost - Cost incurred while uncovering defects
3- Internal Failure Cost - cost incurred with discovering poor quality before it reaches the customer
4- External Failure Cost - Cost associated with poor quality product after it reaches a customer
What are the two types of variations?
Typical Variation - associated with common/random causes
Atypical - associated with assignable / special causes
What are the two types of measurement in quality management tools and how to calculate them?
Continuous Variable Outputs
- X-bar chart (captures shift in sample mean
- R Chart (captures shift in sample variability)
Discrete Variable Outputs (0/1)
P chart ( captures changes in proportion )
What is the two step approach?
Step 1 - use “in control” process samples to build control charts
Step 2 - Use the built control charts to test the new samples to check whether the process is still in control
What are the components of the X-bar chart?
1- Center Line (mean) of x-bar
2- UCL
3- LCL
4- Mean of Range
What are the components of the R chart?
1- Center Line (mean) of R
2- UCL
3- LCL
What are the components of the P chart?
1- Center line (mean) of P
2- Standard Deviation
3- UCL
4- LCL
What does (N) and (n) stand for?
N = number of samples
n = sample size
What are two ways to measure Process Capability?
Cp and Cpk
What is Cpk?
A good process capability measure only when the process mean does not skew from the center of the new specifications
