Exam 1 - Liver and Gallbladder

Question 1

Which quadrant is the liver in? Weight? How many lobes? Surrounds liver?

Answer 1

URQ. 2-3lbs. 2 lobes (right and left). Gillson’s Capsule surrounds liver.

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Answer 2

Hexagonal arrangement of hepatocytes and microvasculature.

Question 3

What is in center of each hexagon of liver?

Answer 3

Central Vein

Question 4

What is located at each “corner” of liver hexagon? What does it contain?

Answer 4

Portal Triad

1. Terminal branch of hepatic artery
2. Terminal branch of portal vein
3. Terminal bile duct

Question 5

The liver hexagon comes from the ____ and is loaded with….?

Answer 5

Comes from intestines loaded with carbs, proteins, some short fatty chains going to liver

Question 6

The microvasculature of the liver hexagon consists of what two things?

Answer 6

1. Sinusoids (toward center)

2. Bile Canaliculi (pumps bile to be secreted)

Question 7

What is the Biliary System?

Answer 7

Biliary pathway

Question 8

Biliary Canaliculi drain into (steps of Biliary Pathway)

Answer 8

Terminal Bile Ducts->R/L Hepatic Ducts->merge into Common Hepatic Duct->divides into Cystic Duct to Gallbladder -or- Common Bile Duct to Pancreatic Duct to Duodenum

Question 9

Common Hepatic Duct divides into what two parts?

Answer 9

1. Divides into Cystic Duct to Gallbladder if not needed

2. Common Bile Duct to Pancreatic Duct to Duodenum if needed

Question 10

Can the liver regenerate? What is required?

Answer 10

Yes, if hepatocytes and signaling is healthy. Takes 30 days to completely regenerate.

Question 11

When can a liver not regenerate?

Answer 11

Ciroccis of liver is irreversible damage and cannot regenerate.

Question 12

What are the two afferent pathways to the liver and their percentages?

Answer 12

1. Hepatic Portal Vein, 75%

2. Hepatic Artery, 25%

Question 13

What are the Sinusoids of the liver?

Answer 13

Microvasculature within the liver.

Question 14

What is the Efferent Pathway from the liver?

Answer 14

Central Veins->Hepatic Veins->IVC

Question 15

Where is a lot of lymph produced?

Answer 15

In the liver

Question 16

The Hepatic Portal Vein receives blood from __ _____, ______, and ________

Answer 16

1. GI Tract
2. Spleen
3. Pancreas

Question 17

The Hepatic Portal Vein contains a lot of _____ but relatively small amount of ______

Answer 17

Nutrients from GI Tract, small amount of oxygen

Question 18

Portal Hypertension occurs when? What happens to flow?

Answer 18

When Cirrhosis develops. Portal vein congested/blocked and blood flow reversed to hepatic portal anastomosis.

Question 19

What does the Hepatic Artery deliver to the liver? What amount does this account for? Where does it originate from?

Answer 19

From Celiac Trunk. Delivers oxygenated blood. Accounts for 25% of blood delivered to liver.

Question 20

In Portal Hypertension how is the Hepatic Artery impacted?

Answer 20

It’s not!

Question 21

Hepatic Artery oxygen flow to liver is synergistic with what process?

Answer 21

Liver regeneration

Question 22

finished here on 6/8, module 4, 2d

Answer 22

finished here on 6/8, module 4, 2d