Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bioanalytical pathology > Exam 1: Leukocytes and the Leukogram > Flashcards

Exam 1: Leukocytes and the Leukogram Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the leukogram?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells are included in the total WBC count?

A

All WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells are included in the nucleated cell count?

A

All WBCs and nRBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we estimate leukocyte numbers?

A

Pretty good approximation with a blood film alone, depends on thickness of blood film
Can get you into categories of normal, elevated, decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functional characteristics of neutrophils

A

Most abundant circulating nucleated cell in most species
Inflammation: migrate to tissue sites, phagocytize microorganisms, die in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morphological characteristics of neutrophils

A

Basophilic cytoplasm
Segmented nucleus
No stained granules in cytoplasm
2 - 3x size of RBCs
Most numerous cell on differential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Segmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Segmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Segmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Rabbit heterophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Morphologic characteristics of band neutrophils

A

Lack any nuclear constriction/segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functional characteristics of band neutrophils

A

Indicative of infection/inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Band neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

Band neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define: Left Shift

A

Immature neutrophils released from BM
Marked inflammation
Band forms > less mature forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functional characteristics of monocytes

A

Migrate into tissues to become macrophages
Phagocytize foreign material, dead/dying cells
Critical role in initiating, maintaining, and resolving inflammation (antigen presentation, cytokine production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Morphological characteristics of monocytes

A

Typically larger than a neutrophil
Less nuclear segmentation
Nuclear chromatin less coarse/dense
Blue cytoplasm
Often contain vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

Metamyelocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional characteristics of eosinophils

A

Worms, wheezes, weird diseases
Parasites, hypersensitivity, allergy, inflammation of the skin, gut, resp system, addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Morphologic characteristics of eosinophils

A

Pink-orange staining cytoplasmic granules
Shape, density, staining can vary among species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A

Eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
A

Eosinophils

28
Q
A

Eosinophils

29
Q
A

Eosinophils

30
Q
A

Eosinophils

31
Q

Morphologic characteristics of basophils

A

Variable density of purple granules
Similar response patterns as eosinophils

32
Q
A

Basophil

33
Q
A

Basophil

34
Q
A

Basophil

35
Q
A

Basophil

36
Q

Morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes

A

Small cells with smooth, dense nuclear chromatin and a small rim of pale blue cytoplasm

37
Q
A

Lymphocyte

38
Q
A

Lymphocyte

39
Q
A

Lymphocyte

40
Q
A

Lymphocyte

41
Q

When are lymphocytes with azurophilic granules seen?

A

Can be seen normally
Marked increase or majority of lymphocytes = ehrlichia, canine CLL

42
Q
A

Lymphocyte with azurophilic granules

43
Q

Morphologic characteristics of ruminant lymphocytes

A

Tend to be larger with abundant cytoplasm

44
Q
A

Ruminant lymphocyte

45
Q
A

Ruminant lymphocyte

46
Q

Where are nRBCs counted?

A

Within the total nucleated cell population

47
Q
A

nRBC

48
Q
A

nRBC

49
Q
A

nRBC

50
Q

What does cytoplasmic toxic change of neutrophils indicate?

A

Accelerated production/increased demand
Inflammation
Persistence of organelles

51
Q

What characteristics are seen in the cytoplasm of neutrophils with cytoplasmic toxic change?

A

Increased basophilia
Dohle bodies
Vacuolization/foamy

52
Q
A

Toxic change

53
Q
A

Toxic change

54
Q
A

Toxic change = dohle bodies (aggregates of rough ER)

55
Q

When does neutrophil degeneration occur?

A

Outside of circulation
Found as neutrophils break down and die
Can become prominent with bacterial infections

56
Q

What are morphological characteristics of neutrophil degeneration?

A

Nuclear swelling, loss of segmentation, loss of coarse nuclear chromatin pattern

57
Q
A

Degeneration

58
Q
A

Degeneration

59
Q

Compare and contrast toxicity vs degeneration

A

Toxicity: in BM, accelerated production, can still do their job
Degeneration: in peripheral tissues, starting to fall apart, doing their job (dying)

60
Q

Characteristics of hypersegmentation

A

Not very clinically significant: aging, old blood sample
Result of increased circulation time (corticosteroids, others)

61
Q

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

A

Neutrophils
Normal mature chromatin
Lack segmentation
Normal function
Genetic defect in dogs

62
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Systemic dysfunction, physical abnormalities
Neutrophils, lymphocytes
Breakdown issue
Clinical manifestations are generally readily apparent (skeltal malformation)

63
Q

Cytoplasmic vacuoles

A

Most commonly an aging artifact
Some lysosomal storage disorders (inherited)
Ingestion of plants containing swainsonine (acquired) - locoweed toxicity

64
Q

Reactive lymphocytes

A

Associated with an immune response/inflammation
A subset of cells that contain increased amounts of deeply basophilic cytoplasm

65
Q
A

Reactive lymphocyte

66
Q
A

Reactive lymphocyte

67
Q
A

Reactive lymphocyte

bioanalytical pathology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions