Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Anthropology > Exam 1 Lessons Learned > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lessons Learned Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four forces of Darwinian evolution?

A

genetic drift, natural selection, gene flow, mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mutation occurs through what means?

A

exposure to chemicals or radiation may cause a base substitution or frame shift to either coding or non-coding DNA during cell mitosis or meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define: phenotype

A

The observable morphological, physical, and behavior characteristics of one’s genetic makeup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The observable morphological, physical, and behavior characteristics of one’s genetic makeup

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define: evolution in most basic terms

A

It fundamentally equals change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list the necessary and sufficient conditions for natural selection to act

A

variation in a trait, inheritance of the trait, differential fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the mode of selection in which extremes of a trait are selected against, or “trimmed” from a population

A

stabilising selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

J. Baptiste Lamarck

A

proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the discontinuation of the perceived relationship among traits in offspring is best explained as

A

Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

under what conditions does polygyny occur?

A

in environments where resources are clumped and not evenly distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the four sub-fields or Anthropology?

A

Archaeology, Social Anthropology, Biological Anthropology, Lingusitics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

somatic cell division

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a provisional or initial explanation of a given phenomenon

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

to show that the parents are from the same species, an offspring must be able to

A

have its own children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

variant of a gene

A

allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an individual’s genetic code

A

genotype

17
Q

any random change in DNA

A

mutation

18
Q

segment of DNA that codes for a protien

A

gene

19
Q

discovered the first complete Ichthyosaurus skeleton, invented modern naming scheme

A

Linnaeus

20
Q

developed the theory of acquired characteristics

A

Lamark

21
Q

founder of modern geology and theory of uniformitarianism

A

Lyell

22
Q

published Origin of the Species

A

Darwin

23
Q

Monk botanist that experimented with dominate and recessive gene characteristics

A

Mendel

24
Q

which two forces decrease variation within populations?

A

natural selection, genetic drift

25
Q

which two forces increase variation within populations?

A

mutation, gene flow

26
Q

fitness vs reproductive success?

A

Fitness is the relative number of alleles an individual contributes to the next generation, maximised by natural selection.
Reproductive success is the number of progeny an individual has, optimised by natural selection. These offspring may or may not be properly adapted to pass on their alleles, and so themselves will have varying fitness.

27
Q

fecundity

A

the potential reproductive capacity of an individual or population

28
Q

progeny

A

offspring

29
Q

Trivers-Willard hypothesis

A

Differential variation in reproductive success of sexes accounts for dimorphism; if conditions are good, take chances, if conditions are poor play it safe.

30
Q

balanced polymorphism

A

an equilibrium mixture of homozygotes and heterozygotes maintained by natural selection against both homozygotes

31
Q

advantages and disadvantages of sex

A

Advantages: introduces novel genes, leads to lots of variation
Disadvantages: only transfer 50% of your genetic material, costs of finding or attracting a mate

32
Q

Red Queen Effect

A

evolutionary hypothesis which proposes that organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment. The Red Queen hypothesis intends to explain two different phenomena: the constant extinction rates as observed in the paleontological record caused by co-evolution between competing species and the advantage of sexual reproduction at the level of individuals

33
Q

How does food quality effect animal size?

A

Lower quality diet produces a larger animal, quality in terms of amount of energy availability to the organism per unit

34
Q

Aspects of food resources

A

Distribution: uniformity, seasonality
Quality: high (fruit, meat, sap, seeds), low (stem, leaf, bark, leaves)

35
Q

heterozygote advantage

A

describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype

36
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

selection pressures strongly on sex with more variable reproductive success, causing their phenotype to change from that of the opposite sex

Biological Anthropology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions