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2025 - Intro to Surgery 737A > EXAM 1: Lecture 2 - Common surgical instruments > Flashcards

EXAM 1: Lecture 2 - Common surgical instruments Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 categories of instruments

A

scalpels, scissors, needle holders/drivers, tissue forceps, hemostatic forceps, tissue forceps, retractors, and miscellaneous instruments

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2
Q

what can happen if you use an instruments for a procedure/task that its not meant for

A

you can dull or break them

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3
Q

what is the primary cutting instrument that is used to incise tissue

A

scalpels

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4
Q

what are the most common scalpel handles used in vet med

A

numbers 3 and 4

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5
Q

What are the different sizes of scalpels

A

10, 15, 11, and 12 blades

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6
Q

what is a 10 blade used for

A

SA surgery and incision/excision of tissues

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7
Q

what is a 15 blade used for

A

a smaller version of a 10 blade and is used for precise incisions in small tissues

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8
Q

what is 11 blade used for

A

ideal for stab incisions into fluid-filled structors or organs

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9
Q

what is a 12 blade used for

A

it has a curved angle and is most often used in elective dissection onychectomy (declawing)

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10
Q

what type of blade is this

A

10 blade

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11
Q

what type of blade is this

A

15 blade

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12
Q

what type of blade is this

A

11 blade

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13
Q

what type of blade is this

A

12 blade

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14
Q

what number scalpel blade goes on a #4 handle

A

20 blade

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15
Q

what are cutting scalpels used for and what angle should you keep it at

A

slide cutting, keep it at a perpendicular angle to the skin surface

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of scalpel grips

A

pencil, fingertip, and palmed grip

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17
Q

describe when the pencil grip is used on scalpel

A

for shorter (1-2cm), finer, and more precise incisions

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18
Q

what angle is the pencil grip to the tissue

A

30-40 degree angle greater than the tissue

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19
Q

what is the purpose of the angle for the pencil grip and what is the downfall

A

the angle reduces edge contact making it less useful for long incisions

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20
Q

what grip is this

A

pencil grip

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21
Q

what grip is this

A

fingertip/slide grip

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22
Q

what is the benefit of the fingertip grip on scalpel

A

offers the best accuracy and stability for long incisions (>2cm)

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23
Q

what type of grip is this

A

palmed grip

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24
Q

when do you use the palmed grip on the scalpel and what are the benefits

A

strongest hold on scalpel, allows exertion of great pressure on the tissue. Used mainly in necropsy

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25
Q

what is 1

A

jaw length

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26
Q

what is 2

A

box lock

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27
Q

what is 3

A

shank

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28
Q

what is 4

A

ring handles

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29
Q

what is 5

A

ratchet

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30
Q

how are scissors classified

A

type of point, blade shape, and cutting edge

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31
Q

what are curved scissors good for

A

offer greater maneuverability and visibility

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32
Q

what are straight scissors good for

A

provide the greatest mechanical advantage when cutting tough/thick tissue

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33
Q

what are the 2 most common scissors used in SA surgery

A

metzenbaum and mayo scissors

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34
Q

describe metzenbaums

A

more delicate than mayo, designed for sharp and blunt dissection/incision of finer tissue

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35
Q

describe mayo scissors

A

used for cutting dense, heavy tissues such as fascia

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36
Q

what type of scissor used in the OR to cut suture

A

suture scissors

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37
Q

what type of scissors are used to remove suture

A

suture removal scissors

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38
Q

what are the difference between suture scissors and suture removal scissors

A

suture removal scissors have a curved tip to remove skin sutures

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39
Q

What are iris/tenotomy scissors used for

A

they are delicate scissors used in ophthalmic procedures

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40
Q

what type of scissors are these

A

curved iris scissors

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41
Q

what type of scissors are these

A

straight iris scissors

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42
Q

what are bandage scissors mainly used for

A

they have a blunt tip which helps reduce the risk of cutting skin when removing a bandage

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43
Q

what type of grip is this

A

wide-based tripod grip

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44
Q

what type of grip is this

A

backhand grip

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45
Q

when do you use the backhand grip of scissors

A

when cutting from left to right

46
Q

T/F: Using the end of the blade of a scissor stabilizes tissue more and allows for a more precise cut

A

TRUE

47
Q

When is blunt dissection used and when should it not be used

A

may be used to separate loosely bound tissues (muscle/fat) or to undermine skin edges for wound closure.

May not be used in tougher tissue or where precise cuts are possible

48
Q

what are the scissors from left to right

A

suture removal scissors, sharp-blunt, metzenbaum, mayo, wire, and tenotomy

49
Q

How do you determine what size/type of needle holders you need

A

by characteristics of the needle to be held and location of tissue to be sutured

50
Q

what is EXTREMELY important to remember about needle holders

A

grasping suture with needle holders weakens the suture and makes it more likely to break. Grasp suture ONLY at sutures end where it will not be in the surgical knot

51
Q

what type of needle holders are these

A

Olsen-hegar because of the cutting portion

52
Q

what type of needle holders are these

A

Mayo-hegar becase there is NO cutting portion

53
Q

What are the two type of closing/latch mechanisms that needle holders use

A

ratchet lock or spring and latch mechanism

54
Q

What type of needle holders are these

A

Mathieu needle holders, have a ratchet lock at the proximal end

55
Q

what type of needle holders are these

A

Castroviejo needle holders

56
Q

How should you place your needle holders and needles

A

perpendicular to each other for the greatest maneuverability

57
Q

Why do we hold the needle near the eye/swage

A

maximum needle length is available for use and there is reduced risk of needle slippage

58
Q

What are the 4 grips of needle holders

A

palmed, thenar, thumb-ring finger, pencil grip

59
Q

what type of grip is this

A

palmed

60
Q

what type of grip is this

A

Thenar grip

61
Q

What type of grip is this

A

thumb-ring finger grip

62
Q

what type of grip is this

A

Pencil grip

63
Q

What are tissue forceps used for

A

used to grasp tissue

64
Q

what are the types of tips for forceps are there

A

pointed, flat, round, smooth, serrated with small or large teeth

65
Q

What type of forceps should be used for manipulation of delicate tissue (viscera/blood vessels)

A

forceps with smooth tips

66
Q

Describe the most common tissue forceps

A

have small serrations on the tips that minimize trauma but facilitate holding tissue securely (like brown-adson)

67
Q

What should you remember about the tissue forcep grip

A

used in non-dominant hand and holding the shanks in the palm greatly limit maneuverability

68
Q

what are the forceps from left to right

A

bishop-harmon smooth tip, bishop-harmon toothed, brown-adson, 1x2 tissue, serrated, and Debakey

69
Q

what are the forcepts from top to botom

A

1x2 tissue (rat tooth), brown-adson, bishop-harmon smooth tip

70
Q

what type of forceps are these

A

DeBakey

71
Q

What are hemostatic forceps

A

they are crushing instruments used to clamp blood vessels

72
Q

what type of hemostat is this

A

mosquito

73
Q

what type of hemostat is this

A

Angiotribe hemostats

74
Q

what type of hemostatic forcep is this

A

kelly hemostats

75
Q

what type of hemostatic forceps is this

A

crile hemostats

76
Q

When are kelly and crile hemostats used

A

on larger vessels

77
Q

when are rochester-carmalt forceps used

A

larger crushing forceps used to control large tissue bundles (ex - used during a spay)

78
Q

when are satinsky forceps used

A

they are specialized cardiovascular forceps that allow occlusion of only a portion of the vessel

79
Q

what type of hemostatic forceps is this

A

Rochester-carmalt

80
Q

what type of hemostatic forceps is this

A

Satinsky forceps

81
Q

what are the type of hemostatic forceps from left to right

A

mosquito, kelly, rochester-carmalt

82
Q

What are tissue forceps

A

forceps used to grasp/clamp tissue

83
Q

when are allis tissue forceps used

A

they have interlocking sharp teeth, used to firmly grasp tissue that is going to be removed from the body

84
Q

what type of tissue forceps is this

A

allis tissue

85
Q

when are babcock forceps used

A

they have broad, flared, blunt grasping tips that are more delicate and used carefully on tissue that is remaining in the body

86
Q

What type of tissue forceps

A

babcock tissue forceps

87
Q

when are doyen forceps used

A

they are noncrushing, occluding forceps that are used to temporarily occlude the lumen of the bowel

88
Q

what type of tissue forcep

A

doyen intestinal forceps

89
Q

when are retractors used

A

to retract tissue and improve visualization

90
Q

what are senn (rake) retractors

A

small, double-ended retractors with 3 small fingerlike projections on one end and a flat curved blade on the other

91
Q

what are army-navy retractors

A

larger with blunt, broad blades on each end for retraction of large amounts of tissue

92
Q

what type of retractor from top to bottom?

A

senn, army-navy, malleable, and hohmann

93
Q

what type of retractors

A

senn retractor

94
Q

what are self retaining retractors

A

they maintain tension on tissue and are held open with a boxlock or another device

95
Q

what type of retractor

A

gelpi

96
Q

what type of retractor

A

Weitlaner

97
Q

what type of retractors

A

Finochietto

98
Q

what type of retractors

A

Balfour

99
Q

what are these called

A

magnifying loupes

100
Q

what are these

A

arthrex meniscal knives

101
Q

what type of suction from top to bottom

A

poole, yankauer, and frazier

102
Q

what type of clamps from left to right

A

backhaus towel clamps, allis tissue forceps, babcock forceps

103
Q

what are these and what are the names from left to right

A

Rongeurs

lempert, ruskin, kerrison

104
Q

what are these

A

duck-bill double-action rongeurs

105
Q

what are these and what are they from left to right

A

bone-holding forceps

AO reduction forceps, large speed-lock reduction forceps, lane bone-holding forceps, and small clamshell reduction forceps

106
Q

what are these

A

periosteal elevators

107
Q

what are these? from top to bottom

A

top - AO round edge
bottom - AO curved blade and straight edge

108
Q

what is this

A

Freer periosteal elevator

109
Q

what are these from top to bottom

A

Chisel, mallet, orthopedic wire, and wire twisters

110
Q

what are these from left to right

A

Jacobs chuck and key

Steinmann pins and kirschner wires

Bone cutters

111
Q

What is this

A

hall air drill and assorted bits

112
Q

what are these from left to right

A

lens loop, small nerve root retractor, tartar scraper, freer dissection, large right angle nerve root retractor

2025 - Intro to Surgery 737A (19 decks)

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