EXAM 1: Lecture 2 - Common surgical instruments Flashcards
what are the 8 categories of instruments
scalpels, scissors, needle holders/drivers, tissue forceps, hemostatic forceps, tissue forceps, retractors, and miscellaneous instruments
what can happen if you use an instruments for a procedure/task that its not meant for
you can dull or break them
what is the primary cutting instrument that is used to incise tissue
scalpels
what are the most common scalpel handles used in vet med
numbers 3 and 4
What are the different sizes of scalpels
10, 15, 11, and 12 blades
what is a 10 blade used for
SA surgery and incision/excision of tissues
what is a 15 blade used for
a smaller version of a 10 blade and is used for precise incisions in small tissues
what is 11 blade used for
ideal for stab incisions into fluid-filled structors or organs
what is a 12 blade used for
it has a curved angle and is most often used in elective dissection onychectomy (declawing)
what type of blade is this
10 blade
what type of blade is this
15 blade
what type of blade is this
11 blade
what type of blade is this
12 blade
what number scalpel blade goes on a #4 handle
20 blade
what are cutting scalpels used for and what angle should you keep it at
slide cutting, keep it at a perpendicular angle to the skin surface
what are the 3 types of scalpel grips
pencil, fingertip, and palmed grip
describe when the pencil grip is used on scalpel
for shorter (1-2cm), finer, and more precise incisions
what angle is the pencil grip to the tissue
30-40 degree angle greater than the tissue
what is the purpose of the angle for the pencil grip and what is the downfall
the angle reduces edge contact making it less useful for long incisions
what grip is this
pencil grip
what grip is this
fingertip/slide grip
what is the benefit of the fingertip grip on scalpel
offers the best accuracy and stability for long incisions (>2cm)
what type of grip is this
palmed grip
when do you use the palmed grip on the scalpel and what are the benefits
strongest hold on scalpel, allows exertion of great pressure on the tissue. Used mainly in necropsy
what is 1
jaw length
what is 2
box lock
what is 3
shank
what is 4
ring handles
what is 5
ratchet
how are scissors classified
type of point, blade shape, and cutting edge
what are curved scissors good for
offer greater maneuverability and visibility
what are straight scissors good for
provide the greatest mechanical advantage when cutting tough/thick tissue
what are the 2 most common scissors used in SA surgery
metzenbaum and mayo scissors
describe metzenbaums
more delicate than mayo, designed for sharp and blunt dissection/incision of finer tissue
describe mayo scissors
used for cutting dense, heavy tissues such as fascia
what type of scissor used in the OR to cut suture
suture scissors
what type of scissors are used to remove suture
suture removal scissors
what are the difference between suture scissors and suture removal scissors
suture removal scissors have a curved tip to remove skin sutures
What are iris/tenotomy scissors used for
they are delicate scissors used in ophthalmic procedures
what type of scissors are these
curved iris scissors
what type of scissors are these
straight iris scissors
what are bandage scissors mainly used for
they have a blunt tip which helps reduce the risk of cutting skin when removing a bandage
what type of grip is this
wide-based tripod grip
what type of grip is this
backhand grip
when do you use the backhand grip of scissors
when cutting from left to right
T/F: Using the end of the blade of a scissor stabilizes tissue more and allows for a more precise cut
TRUE
When is blunt dissection used and when should it not be used
may be used to separate loosely bound tissues (muscle/fat) or to undermine skin edges for wound closure.
May not be used in tougher tissue or where precise cuts are possible
what are the scissors from left to right
suture removal scissors, sharp-blunt, metzenbaum, mayo, wire, and tenotomy
How do you determine what size/type of needle holders you need
by characteristics of the needle to be held and location of tissue to be sutured
what is EXTREMELY important to remember about needle holders
grasping suture with needle holders weakens the suture and makes it more likely to break. Grasp suture ONLY at sutures end where it will not be in the surgical knot
what type of needle holders are these
Olsen-hegar because of the cutting portion
what type of needle holders are these
Mayo-hegar becase there is NO cutting portion
What are the two type of closing/latch mechanisms that needle holders use
ratchet lock or spring and latch mechanism
What type of needle holders are these
Mathieu needle holders, have a ratchet lock at the proximal end
what type of needle holders are these
Castroviejo needle holders
How should you place your needle holders and needles
perpendicular to each other for the greatest maneuverability
Why do we hold the needle near the eye/swage
maximum needle length is available for use and there is reduced risk of needle slippage
What are the 4 grips of needle holders
palmed, thenar, thumb-ring finger, pencil grip
what type of grip is this
palmed
what type of grip is this
Thenar grip
What type of grip is this
thumb-ring finger grip
what type of grip is this
Pencil grip
What are tissue forceps used for
used to grasp tissue
what are the types of tips for forceps are there
pointed, flat, round, smooth, serrated with small or large teeth
What type of forceps should be used for manipulation of delicate tissue (viscera/blood vessels)
forceps with smooth tips
Describe the most common tissue forceps
have small serrations on the tips that minimize trauma but facilitate holding tissue securely (like brown-adson)
What should you remember about the tissue forcep grip
used in non-dominant hand and holding the shanks in the palm greatly limit maneuverability
what are the forceps from left to right
bishop-harmon smooth tip, bishop-harmon toothed, brown-adson, 1x2 tissue, serrated, and Debakey
what are the forcepts from top to botom
1x2 tissue (rat tooth), brown-adson, bishop-harmon smooth tip
what type of forceps are these
DeBakey
What are hemostatic forceps
they are crushing instruments used to clamp blood vessels
what type of hemostat is this
mosquito
what type of hemostat is this
Angiotribe hemostats
what type of hemostatic forcep is this
kelly hemostats
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
crile hemostats
When are kelly and crile hemostats used
on larger vessels
when are rochester-carmalt forceps used
larger crushing forceps used to control large tissue bundles (ex - used during a spay)
when are satinsky forceps used
they are specialized cardiovascular forceps that allow occlusion of only a portion of the vessel
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
Rochester-carmalt
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
Satinsky forceps
what are the type of hemostatic forceps from left to right
mosquito, kelly, rochester-carmalt
What are tissue forceps
forceps used to grasp/clamp tissue
when are allis tissue forceps used
they have interlocking sharp teeth, used to firmly grasp tissue that is going to be removed from the body
what type of tissue forceps is this
allis tissue
when are babcock forceps used
they have broad, flared, blunt grasping tips that are more delicate and used carefully on tissue that is remaining in the body
What type of tissue forceps
babcock tissue forceps
when are doyen forceps used
they are noncrushing, occluding forceps that are used to temporarily occlude the lumen of the bowel
what type of tissue forcep
doyen intestinal forceps
when are retractors used
to retract tissue and improve visualization
what are senn (rake) retractors
small, double-ended retractors with 3 small fingerlike projections on one end and a flat curved blade on the other
what are army-navy retractors
larger with blunt, broad blades on each end for retraction of large amounts of tissue
what type of retractor from top to bottom?
senn, army-navy, malleable, and hohmann
what type of retractors
senn retractor
what are self retaining retractors
they maintain tension on tissue and are held open with a boxlock or another device
what type of retractor
gelpi
what type of retractor
Weitlaner
what type of retractors
Finochietto
what type of retractors
Balfour
what are these called
magnifying loupes
what are these
arthrex meniscal knives
what type of suction from top to bottom
poole, yankauer, and frazier
what type of clamps from left to right
backhaus towel clamps, allis tissue forceps, babcock forceps
what are these and what are the names from left to right
Rongeurs
lempert, ruskin, kerrison
what are these
duck-bill double-action rongeurs
what are these and what are they from left to right
bone-holding forceps
AO reduction forceps, large speed-lock reduction forceps, lane bone-holding forceps, and small clamshell reduction forceps
what are these
periosteal elevators
what are these? from top to bottom
top - AO round edge
bottom - AO curved blade and straight edge
what is this
Freer periosteal elevator
what are these from top to bottom
Chisel, mallet, orthopedic wire, and wire twisters
what are these from left to right
Jacobs chuck and key
Steinmann pins and kirschner wires
Bone cutters
What is this
hall air drill and assorted bits
what are these from left to right
lens loop, small nerve root retractor, tartar scraper, freer dissection, large right angle nerve root retractor
