EXAM 1: Lecture 1 - History of surgery

Question 1

what are the 7 milestones in the history of surgery

Answer 1

anatomy, bacteria, anesthesia, xrays, pathophysiology of surgical disease, perioperative care, minimally invasive surgery

Question 2

who is the grandfather of comparative medicine

Answer 2

aristotle

Question 3

what did aristotle do for anatomy

Answer 3

investigated the differences/similarities between species and was the first to describe the absence of a gallbladder in a horse

Question 4

who is the father of human anatomy

Answer 4

Andreas Vesalius (1500s)

Question 5

who first described treatment of wounds and hemorrhage

Answer 5

Ambroise Pare

Question 6

Describe how Ambroise Pare treated wounds and hemorrhage

Answer 6

turpentine ointment was more effective than boiling oil for wounds

Controlled hemorrhage via ligation

Question 7

Who basically came up with the entire concept of antisepsis

Answer 7

joseph lister (1800s)

Question 8

How did joseph lister come up with antiseptic surgery

Answer 8

by using the concepts of Louis Pasteur

Question 9

who was the first person to use anesthesia

Answer 9

William T.G. Morton

Question 10

what did we do before anesthesia???

Answer 10

surgeons had to be FAST…the best surgeons were the fastest

Question 11

what was a benefit of anesthesia

Answer 11

surgery could now be deliberate and meticulous

Question 12

who discovered xrays

Answer 12

William Roentgen

Question 13

when were xrays first discovered and when were they first medically used

Answer 13

discovered in 1895 and used in 1896

Question 14

who discovered fluoroscopy and when

Answer 14

Thomas Edison in 1896

Question 15

who discovered surgical pathophysiology

Answer 15

John Hunter (1700s)

Question 16

what did John Hunter do with discovering surgical pathophysiology

Answer 16

Began using a scientific approach to medicine and surgery

Question 17

When was the first Caesarian section performed

Answer 17

272 BC

Question 18

What happened during the first C-section

Answer 18

mother died of poisoning

Question 19

how did they improve C-sections

Answer 19

survival improved when the uterus was closed

Question 20

Who came up with surgical technique

Answer 20

william halsted

Question 21

what techniques did william halsted come up with and when

Answer 21

1900s. Came up with meticulous techniques, hemostasis, local anesthetics, and patient care

Question 22

What are some of the recent advances of surgery

Answer 22

research in shock, trauma, wound healing, perioperative care, residency programs, better anesthesia/analgesia, advanced imaging, and minimally invasive surgery