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Pharmacology IPAP 3-17 > Exam 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medicine?

A

Adverse Drug Reaction

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2
Q

What is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer?

A

Medication Error

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3
Q

What is an Allergic Reaction?

A

Immunologic hypersensitivity occurring as the result of unusual sensitivity to a medicine

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4
Q

What is an Idiosyncratic Reaction? Give Ex.

A

Abnormal susceptibility to a medicine that is peculiar to the individual
-Antihistamine causing excitement in a child rather than sedation

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5
Q

What is a prescription?

A

Prescriber’s order for a specific patient

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6
Q

A prescriptions order can be directed to who?

A
  • Patient or Caretaker
  • Nurse
  • Therapist (Respi, Physical, etc..)
  • Pharmacist
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7
Q

In the Safety of Medications a Legend (Rx) requires what? (Legal Factor)

A

Drug Prescription

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8
Q

In the Safety of Medication an OTC requires what? (Legal Factor)

A

None: considered safe for self-administration by the layman

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9
Q

Who determines if a drug should be considered a Legend Drug or OTC Drug? (Legal Factor)

A

FDA

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10
Q

Who controls and monitors drug considered to have abuse potentials? (Legal Factor)

A

DEA

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11
Q

Who determines what indications a drug is used?

A

FDA

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12
Q

What is the difference between Labeled Use and Unlabeled Use?

A
  • Labeled Use: FDA approved drug for indication

- Unlabeled Use: FDA has not approved drug for indication

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13
Q

What is the standard form used by the DoD for Prescription writing?

A

DD 1289

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14
Q

On the DD1289 what patient information is included?

A

Full Name
Address
Telephone Number
Sponsor’s SSN

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15
Q

What does the Metric Line represent?

A

A decimal point

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16
Q

What information must be included on a prescription written for a child under 12yrs?

A

Age and Weight

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17
Q

What is included in the Prescription Body?

A
  • Superscription (Rx)
  • Inscription (Name and Strength of Drug)
  • Subscription (Quantity Prescribed)
  • Signature (Sig) (Directions for taking, Indication highly encouraged)
  • Refill Information
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18
Q

For controlled substances the quantity should be written in what way?

A

Numerically and Spelled Out

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19
Q

The Chemical Name of a Drug is a description of what?

A

Chemical Structure of a drug

20
Q

What are the different categories a Drug Name falls into?

A

Trade/Brand Name

Generic

21
Q

What is a Trade/Brand Name?

A

Proprietary Name (Trademark) used exclusively by one company/manufacturer and is protected by trademark law

22
Q

What is a Generic Name?

A

Public nonproprietary name for chemical substance approved by the FDA

23
Q

Drugs may also be classified into what categories?

A
  • Pharmacotherapeutic Class

- Target Physiologic System

24
Q

Refills are typically limited to what length of time for non-narcotic drugs?

25
What Medication will no refills be allowed?
Schedule II Narcotics
26
Schedule III-V Controlled Substances may be refilled how often within what length of time?
-5 Times within 6 months (which ever comes first, after which a new prescription is required)
27
What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)?
Any untoward medical occurrence associated w/the use of a drug, whether or not considered drug related
28
What are considered Adverse Drug Events?
- Requires discontinuing the medicine (therapeutic or diagnostic) - Requires changing the medication therapy - Requires modifying the dose (except for minor dosage adjustments) - Necessitates admission to a hospital - Prolongs stay in a health care facility - Necessitates supportive treatment - Significantly complicates diagnosis - Negatively affects prognosis - Results in temporary or permanent harm, disability, or death
29
In an Allergic Reaction to a drug the drug is acting as a what within the body? Causing what?
Antigen causing an antigen-antibody reaction
30
What causes the allergic effect in an allergic reaction?
Histamine released by the Ag-Ab reaction
31
Drug allergies require what?
A Sensitizing Dose
32
Describe the use of rational prescription writing in the treatment of disease.
- Make Specific Diagnosis - Consider pathophysiology of the Diagnosis - Select therapeutic objectives - Select a drug of choice - Determine the appropriate dosing regimen - Devise a plan for monitoring the drug’s action and determine an end point for therapy - Plan a program of patient education
33
What are the Prescription writing privileges of a Physician Assistant?
- Medications approved and recommended by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics (PandT) Committee - Medications reviewed and approved by the credentials committee for use by each PA on an individual basis - Controlled substances scheduled II-V - Inpatient care orders - Primary Field Medical Support during a Field ex or Deployment, any item stocked in the U.S. Army field medical set, kit or assemblage authorized at the level of assignment
34
On a written prescription controlled substances from non-physicians will contain what statement?
"May be filled at any MHS pharmacy where this provider is privileged"
35
What factors play a role in deciding the Prescription Quantity for a patient?
1. Treatment Duration- Acute or Maintenance (DoD permits up to 90 day supply for Maintenance) 2. Has pt taken this medication before? 3. pt follow-up prior to prescribing more
36
The Sig (directions for use) of the prescription should be simple and clear, better compliance in taking the drugs can be achieved by....
Fewer doses/day
37
Complete direction reduce medication errors, what does this include and what should be avoided?
``` What to do How much Where it goes How often and purpose AVOID: "TAKE AS DIRECTED" ```
38
Define Compliance in regards to pt's.
The extent to which pt's follow treatment instructions
39
What are some factors that encourage noncompliance when taking medications?
- Asymptomatic diseases (e.g. HTN) - Frequency (more is worse) - Difficult to follow directions - Side Effects
40
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations - ASA - ATC - BMD - BM - BS/BG - BSA
``` ASA: Aspirin ATC: Around the Clock BMD: Bone Mineral Density BM: Bowel Movement BS/BG: Blood Sugar/ Blood Glucose BSA: Body Surface Area ```
41
Give the Meaning of the following Abbreviations: - a - p - c or w/ - S or w/o - ac - pc - prn - stat
a: before p: after c or w/: with s or w/o: without ac: before meals pc: after meals prn: as needed/ as necessary stat: immediately
42
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations: - Q - BID - TID - QID - h/hr - Q_h - nr
``` Q: Every BID: 2 times per day TID: 3 times per day QID: 4 times per day h/hr: hour Q_h: Every _ hours nr: No Refills ```
43
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations: - Ung/oint - SR/XR - DAW - Gtts - Cap - Supp - Elix - Syr
``` Ung/oint: Ointment SR/XR: Sustained or slow Release/Extended Release DAW: Dispense as Written Gtts: Drops Cap: Capsule Supp: Suppository Elix: Elixir Syr: Syrup ```
44
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations: - ss - L - C - gr - meq - qs
``` ss: 1/2 L: 50 C: 100 gr: Grain meq: Milliequivalent qs: add sufficient quantity to make ```
45
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations: - AAA/aaa - AD/ad - AS/as - AU/au - OD/od - OS/os - OU/ou - SL/sl
``` AAA/aaa: Apply to affected areas AD/ad: Right Ear AS/as: Left Ear AU/au: Both Ears OD/of: Right Eye OS/os: Left Eye OU/ou: Both Eyes SL/sl: Sublingual ```
46
Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations: - PEG - Rect/PR/pr - PV/pv - IVP - IVPB
``` PEG: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Rect/PR/pr: Rectally; per rectum PV/pv: vaginally IVP: Intravenous Push IVPB: Intravenous Piggyback ```

Pharmacology IPAP 3-17 (3 decks)

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