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Pharmacology IPAP 3-17 > Exam 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medicine?

A

Adverse Drug Reaction

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2
Q

What is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer?

A

Medication Error

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3
Q

What is an Allergic Reaction?

A

Immunologic hypersensitivity occurring as the result of unusual sensitivity to a medicine

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4
Q

What is an Idiosyncratic Reaction? Give Ex.

A

Abnormal susceptibility to a medicine that is peculiar to the individual
-Antihistamine causing excitement in a child rather than sedation

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5
Q

What is a prescription?

A

Prescriber’s order for a specific patient

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6
Q

A prescriptions order can be directed to who?

A
  • Patient or Caretaker
  • Nurse
  • Therapist (Respi, Physical, etc..)
  • Pharmacist
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7
Q

In the Safety of Medications a Legend (Rx) requires what? (Legal Factor)

A

Drug Prescription

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8
Q

In the Safety of Medication an OTC requires what? (Legal Factor)

A

None: considered safe for self-administration by the layman

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9
Q

Who determines if a drug should be considered a Legend Drug or OTC Drug? (Legal Factor)

A

FDA

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10
Q

Who controls and monitors drug considered to have abuse potentials? (Legal Factor)

A

DEA

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11
Q

Who determines what indications a drug is used?

A

FDA

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12
Q

What is the difference between Labeled Use and Unlabeled Use?

A
  • Labeled Use: FDA approved drug for indication

- Unlabeled Use: FDA has not approved drug for indication

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13
Q

What is the standard form used by the DoD for Prescription writing?

A

DD 1289

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14
Q

On the DD1289 what patient information is included?

A

Full Name
Address
Telephone Number
Sponsor’s SSN

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15
Q

What does the Metric Line represent?

A

A decimal point

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16
Q

What information must be included on a prescription written for a child under 12yrs?

A

Age and Weight

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17
Q

What is included in the Prescription Body?

A
  • Superscription (Rx)
  • Inscription (Name and Strength of Drug)
  • Subscription (Quantity Prescribed)
  • Signature (Sig) (Directions for taking, Indication highly encouraged)
  • Refill Information
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18
Q

For controlled substances the quantity should be written in what way?

A

Numerically and Spelled Out

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19
Q

The Chemical Name of a Drug is a description of what?

A

Chemical Structure of a drug

20
Q

What are the different categories a Drug Name falls into?

A

Trade/Brand Name

Generic

21
Q

What is a Trade/Brand Name?

A

Proprietary Name (Trademark) used exclusively by one company/manufacturer and is protected by trademark law

22
Q

What is a Generic Name?

A

Public nonproprietary name for chemical substance approved by the FDA

23
Q

Drugs may also be classified into what categories?

A
  • Pharmacotherapeutic Class

- Target Physiologic System

24
Q

Refills are typically limited to what length of time for non-narcotic drugs?

A

One Year

25
Q

What Medication will no refills be allowed?

A

Schedule II Narcotics

26
Q

Schedule III-V Controlled Substances may be refilled how often within what length of time?

A

-5 Times within 6 months (which ever comes first, after which a new prescription is required)

27
Q

What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)?

A

Any untoward medical occurrence associated w/the use of a drug, whether or not considered drug related

28
Q

What are considered Adverse Drug Events?

A
  • Requires discontinuing the medicine (therapeutic or diagnostic)
  • Requires changing the medication therapy
  • Requires modifying the dose (except for minor dosage adjustments)
  • Necessitates admission to a hospital
  • Prolongs stay in a health care facility
  • Necessitates supportive treatment
  • Significantly complicates diagnosis
  • Negatively affects prognosis
  • Results in temporary or permanent harm, disability, or death
29
Q

In an Allergic Reaction to a drug the drug is acting as a what within the body? Causing what?

A

Antigen causing an antigen-antibody reaction

30
Q

What causes the allergic effect in an allergic reaction?

A

Histamine released by the Ag-Ab reaction

31
Q

Drug allergies require what?

A

A Sensitizing Dose

32
Q

Describe the use of rational prescription writing in the treatment of disease.

A
  • Make Specific Diagnosis
  • Consider pathophysiology of the Diagnosis
  • Select therapeutic objectives
  • Select a drug of choice
  • Determine the appropriate dosing regimen
  • Devise a plan for monitoring the drug’s action and determine an end point for therapy
  • Plan a program of patient education
33
Q

What are the Prescription writing privileges of a Physician Assistant?

A
  • Medications approved and recommended by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics (PandT) Committee
  • Medications reviewed and approved by the credentials committee for use by each PA on an individual basis
  • Controlled substances scheduled II-V
  • Inpatient care orders
  • Primary Field Medical Support during a Field ex or Deployment, any item stocked in the U.S. Army field medical set, kit or assemblage authorized at the level of assignment
34
Q

On a written prescription controlled substances from non-physicians will contain what statement?

A

“May be filled at any MHS pharmacy where this provider is privileged”

35
Q

What factors play a role in deciding the Prescription Quantity for a patient?

A
  1. Treatment Duration- Acute or Maintenance
    (DoD permits up to 90 day supply for Maintenance)
  2. Has pt taken this medication before?
  3. pt follow-up prior to prescribing more
36
Q

The Sig (directions for use) of the prescription should be simple and clear, better compliance in taking the drugs can be achieved by….

A

Fewer doses/day

37
Q

Complete direction reduce medication errors, what does this include and what should be avoided?

A 
What to do
How much 
Where it goes
How often and purpose
AVOID: "TAKE AS DIRECTED"
38
Q

Define Compliance in regards to pt’s.

A

The extent to which pt’s follow treatment instructions

39
Q

What are some factors that encourage noncompliance when taking medications?

A
  • Asymptomatic diseases (e.g. HTN)
  • Frequency (more is worse)
  • Difficult to follow directions
  • Side Effects
40
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations

  • ASA
  • ATC
  • BMD
  • BM
  • BS/BG
  • BSA
A 
ASA: Aspirin
ATC: Around the Clock
BMD: Bone Mineral Density
BM: Bowel Movement
BS/BG: Blood Sugar/ Blood Glucose
BSA: Body Surface Area
41
Q

Give the Meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • a
  • p
  • c or w/
  • S or w/o
  • ac
  • pc
  • prn
  • stat
A

a: before
p: after
c or w/: with
s or w/o: without
ac: before meals
pc: after meals
prn: as needed/ as necessary
stat: immediately

42
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • Q
  • BID
  • TID
  • QID
  • h/hr
  • Q_h
  • nr
A 
Q: Every
BID: 2 times per day
TID: 3 times per day
QID: 4 times per day
h/hr: hour
Q_h: Every _ hours
nr: No Refills
43
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • Ung/oint
  • SR/XR
  • DAW
  • Gtts
  • Cap
  • Supp
  • Elix
  • Syr
A 
Ung/oint: Ointment
SR/XR: Sustained or slow Release/Extended Release
DAW: Dispense as Written
Gtts: Drops
Cap: Capsule
Supp: Suppository
Elix: Elixir
Syr: Syrup
44
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • ss
  • L
  • C
  • gr
  • meq
  • qs
A 
ss: 1/2
L: 50
C: 100
gr: Grain
meq: Milliequivalent
qs: add sufficient quantity to make
45
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • AAA/aaa
  • AD/ad
  • AS/as
  • AU/au
  • OD/od
  • OS/os
  • OU/ou
  • SL/sl
A 
AAA/aaa: Apply to affected areas
AD/ad: Right Ear
AS/as: Left Ear
AU/au: Both Ears
OD/of: Right Eye
OS/os: Left Eye
OU/ou: Both Eyes
SL/sl: Sublingual
46
Q

Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations:

  • PEG
  • Rect/PR/pr
  • PV/pv
  • IVP
  • IVPB
A 
PEG: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Rect/PR/pr: Rectally; per rectum
PV/pv: vaginally
IVP: Intravenous Push
IVPB: Intravenous Piggyback

Pharmacology IPAP 3-17 (3 decks)

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