Exam #1: Lab 1 Flashcards
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Balance
What is the arbor vitae?
“Tree of life” i.e. the white matter of the cerebellum
What is the embryological derivation of the cerebrum?
Prosencephalon
What does the Prosencephalon divide into?
Telencephaloncerebrum
Diencephalon
What causes the cephalic flexure?
Overgrowth of the Telencephalon causes an anterior flexion between the Diencephalon & brainstem, specifically the midbrain
What are the embryological terms used to describe direction in the brain?
Rostral= anterior i.e. toward the beak Caudal= toward the tail Dorsal= back Ventral= front
*Note that these change their orientation when the cephalic flexure
What is the longitudinal fissure?
Division between the cerebral hemisphere
What are the elevations of the brain called?
Gyri
What are the depressions of the brain called?
Sulci
What is the difference between a sulcus & a fissure?
- Fissures are much deeper than sulci
- Arachnoid mater penetrates fissures but not sulci
What is the grey matter in the brain?
Neuronal cell bodies
Unmyelinated axons
Dendrites
- Typically seen peripherally in the cerebrum BUT there are some nuclei that contain grey matter deeper in the brain
What is the white matter in the brain?
Dendrites & myelinated axons in the brain b/c of myelin
What is the central sulcus? What borders the central sulcus?
- Divides the frontal & parietal lobes
- Pre-central gyrus is immediately anterior (motor)
- Post-central gyrus is immediately posterior (sensory)
What is the transverse fissure?
Division of the cerebellum from the cerebrum; contains the tentorium cerebelli
What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?
Division of the parietal & occipital lobes; seen only on mid-sagittal view
What is the limbic lobe?
Encircles the corpus callosum—this is the oldest part of the cortex
What are the parts of the limbic lobe?
Cingulate gyrus= superior to the corpus callosum
Isthmus of the Cingulate Gyrus= narrowing of the cingulate gyrus posteriorly
Uncus= superior to the parahippocampal gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus= inferior portion of the limbic lobe near the brainstem
What structure lies deep to the uncus?
Amygdala
What is the pre-occipital notch? What is the parieto-occipital notch? What do these two structures delineate?
Pre-occipital= notch just superior to the transverse fissure
Parieto-occipital notch= indentation
*Landmarks for differentiating between the parietal, temporal & occipital lobes
What is the precentral gyrus?
Primary motor area