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MINE Chem BASICS Semester 1 > Exam 1: Ionic and Molecular Nomenclature > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ionic and Molecular Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic (binary) compounds

A

name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

KCl –> potassium chlorIDE
CaO –> calcium oxIDE

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2
Q

Ionic (polyatomic) compounds

A

name of cation (metal) + name of polyatomic compound (functional groups)

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3
Q

Ionic (transition metal) compounds

A
  • determine charge of cation from known charge of ion
  • cation charge = [-(anion subscript)(anion charge)]/(cation subscript)
  • indicate charge using roman numerals in parenthesis

Chromium (III) bromide

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4
Q

mono - (molecular)

A

one

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5
Q

di - (molecular)

A

two

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6
Q

tri - (molecular)

A

three

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7
Q

tetra - (molecular)

A

four

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8
Q

penta - (molecular)

A

five

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9
Q

hexa - (molecular)

A

six

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10
Q

hepta - (molecular)

A

seven

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11
Q

octa - (molecular)

A

eight

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12
Q

nona - (molecular)

A

nine

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13
Q

deca - (molecular)

A

ten

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14
Q

Molecular (binary) compounds

A

prefix + name of first element + prefix + base name of second element + -ide

  • if first element is singular, no prefix
  • cannot reduce the formula, yields a different substance

NO2 –> nitrogen DIoxIDE
N2O –> DInitrogen MONoxIDE
NI3 –> nitrogen TRIodIDE

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15
Q

Binary acids

A

hydro + base name of nonmetal + -ic + acid

  • will start with H
  • only 4

HCl –> HYDROchlorIC ACID
HBr –> HYDRObromIC ACID
HI –> HYDROiodIC ACID
HF –> HYDROfluorIC ACID

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16
Q

Oxoacids

A

base name of oxyanion + -ic/-ous + acid

  • contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (anion containing nonmetal + oxygen)
  • if ends in -ate = use -ic
  • if ends in -ite = use -ous
17
Q

Empirical Formula

A

simplest whole number ration of the atoms found in a compound

18
Q

Molecular Formula

A

exact number of each type of atom found in a compound

19
Q

Structural Formula

A
  • exact number of each type of atom found in a compound
  • exact manner in which those atoms are bound together
20
Q

atomic elements

A

exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

21
Q

molecular elements

A

exist in nature with as molecules (one or more atom combined together)

  • diatomic (2 atoms): H2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
  • polyatomic (many atoms): P4, S8
22
Q

molecular compounds

A

composed of two or more nonmetals (H2O, etc.)

23
Q

ionic compounds

A

composed of a cation (metal) and an anon (nonmetal)

  • monatomic (ion of one atom): Cl-, O2-, N3-
  • polyatomic (ion of multiple atoms): SO4 2-, PO4 3-

MINE Chem BASICS Semester 1 (10 decks)

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