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Neuroscience for Communication Disorders > Exam 1 - Intro To Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Intro To Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical planes

A

CHMST

coronal
Horizontal
Median
Sagittal
Transverse
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2
Q

Coronal plane

A

Separates front from back

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3
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Separates upper and lower

Perpendicular to coronal and median planes

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4
Q

Median plane

A

Separates right and left

Could also have mid-sagittal

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Parallels median plane

Left vs right

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6
Q

Transverse plane

A

Right angle to median plane

Cross-sectional

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7
Q

Anatomical directions

A 
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
Dorsal
Ventral 
Proximal
Distal
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
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8
Q

Anterior and posterior

A

Front

Back

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9
Q

Superior and inferior

A

Upper (also called cranial, cephalic, rostral)

Lower

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10
Q

Medial and lateral

A

Toward midline

More distant from midline

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11
Q

Dorsal and ventral

A

Toward the back

Toward the front/belly

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12
Q

Proximal and distal

A

Close to reference point

Away from reference point

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13
Q

Ipsilateral and contralateral

A

Same side as reference point

Opposite side of reference point

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14
Q

Telencephalon

A

Top level of encephalonic structures

Cortex and subcortical structures, basal ganglia structures

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15
Q

Diencephalon

A

Second level

Thalamus and thalamic structures

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16
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Third level

Midbrain

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17
Q

Metencephalon

A

Fourth level

Pons

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18
Q

Mylencephalon

A

5th level

Medulla

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19
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Pons, medulla, and cerebellum

Encephalonic structures noticeable @ 4 weeks gestation

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20
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Anterior most

Movement planning, executive functioning, & motor skills

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21
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Medial most

Somatosensory/musculoskeletal and touch sensations

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22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Posterior most

Vision

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23
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Inferior most

Hearing

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24
Q

Longitudinal fissure/sulcus

A

Median fissure

Divides right and left hemispheres

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25
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Fissure of sylvius

Separates temporal from frontal and part of parietal

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26
Q

Central sulcus

A

Fissure of rolando

From longitudinal sulcus towards temporal lobe

Separates frontal & parietal lobes

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27
Q

Calcarine sulcus

A

Deep medial surface of occipital lobe

Primary visual cortex

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28
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Deep medial

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

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29
Q

Transverse sulcus

A

Separates cerebellum and posterior brain stem structures

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30
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Before central sulcus

Motor strip within frontal lobe

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31
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

After central sulcus

Sensory strip within parietal lobe

32
Q

Surpamarginal gyrus

A

Wraps on top of lateral sulcus and slightly above and in front of angular gyrus

Upside down “U” shape

Grammatical & syntactic area

33
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Behind lateral sulcus and supramarginal gyrus

In parietal lobe

34
Q

Heschl’s gyrus

A

Below lateral sulcus in temporal lobe

Primary auditory cortex

35
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Deep within longitudinal sulcus

White matter connecting left and right hemispheres of cortex

36
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

White matter connecting posterior cerebral lobes to anterior cerebral lobes

In left hemisphere

Connects sensory to motor lobes for speech & language

37
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Deep subcortical structures

Part of telencephalon, in line with diencephalon

Caudate nucleus, putamen, & globus pallidus

Motor functions, muscle tone, & cognitive functions

38
Q

Thalamic structures (diencephalon)

A

Medial to basal ganglia

Sends sensory info to regions of posterior brain (temporal, parietal, & occipital lobes)

39
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain below occipital lobe and attached to posterior of pons

Sends feedback info to cortex

40
Q

Brain stem structures

A

Mesencephalon (mid brain)

Metencephalon (pons)

Mylencephalon (medulla)

41
Q

Spinal cord divisions

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccygeal

42
Q

Gray matter configuration (spine)

A

H-shape or butterfly shape

Ventral horns - motor nerves

Dorsal horns - sensory nerves

43
Q

Dura mater

A

Hard mother

Outermost membrane that is thick, fiberlike, and tough.

Has sensory receptors

44
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Below dura mater

Weblike matting with spaces for CSF to flow to brain & spinal cord

45
Q

Pia mater

A

Soft mother

Thinnest membrane that is closest to brain

Conforms most closely to central nervous system

46
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

One in each cerebral hemisphere

Each has 3 horns to supply CSF to brain lobes

47
Q

Third ventricle

A

Diencephalonic structures

Narrow duct at diencephalon level

48
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Located in front of cerebellum and behind pons

Nourishes brain stem and spinal cord

49
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Produced in choroid plexus (specialized cells) of ventricles

Circulated and reabsorbed by brain and spinal cord

Supplies nutrients to brain

50
Q

Arteries off aortic arch and subclavian arches

A

Two vetebral

Two carotid - only one feeds the brain (internal)

51
Q

Vertebral arteries

A

Off of subclavian arches

Supplies basilar artery and posterior cerebral artery

52
Q

Basilar artery

A

Supplies spinal cord, brain stem, and diencephalon

Sometimes considered part of circle of Willis

53
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Feeds inferiormost parts of temporal and occipital lobes

54
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

Goes directly into cortices

Feeds anterior and middle cerebral arteries

55
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

Feeds superior and medial surfaces of cerebrum

Initial portions are part of circle of Willis

56
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

Feeds lateral surface of cerebrum (frontal and parietal) and superiormost parts of temporal and occipital lobes

Initial portions part of circle of Willis

57
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Allows overflow of blood when system below circle is down; protection

Posterior communicating artery
Initial part of posterior cerebral artery
Initial part of middle cerebral artery
Internal carotid artery
Initial part of anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery

Sometimes basilar artery

58
Q

Posterior communicating artery

A

Connects posterior cerebral artery to internal carotid

59
Q

Anterior communicating artery

A

Connects left and right anterior cerebral arteries

60
Q

Vertical neuraxis

A 
Cortices (tel)
Basal ganglia - caudate, putamen, then globus pallidus (tel)
Thalamic structures (diencephalon)
Midbrain (mes)
Pons (met) & cerebellum
Medulla (myl)
Spinal cord

(Descending order)

61
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Deep within longitudinal sulcus

White matter connecting left and right hemispheres of cortex

62
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

White matter connecting posterior cerebral lobes to anterior cerebral lobes

In left hemisphere

Connects sensory to motor lobes for speech & language

63
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Deep subcortical structures

Part of telencephalon, in line with diencephalon

Caudate nucleus, putamen, & globus pallidus

Motor functions, muscle tone, & cognitive functions

64
Q

Thalamic structures (diencephalon)

A

Medial to basal ganglia

Sends sensory info to regions of posterior brain (temporal, parietal, & occipital lobes)

65
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain below occipital lobe and attached to posterior of pons

Sends feedback info to cortex

66
Q

Brain stem structures

A

Mesencephalon (mid brain)

Metencephalon (pons)

Mylencephalon (medulla)

67
Q

Spinal cord divisions

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccygeal

68
Q

Gray matter configuration (spine)

A

H-shape or butterfly shape

Ventral horns - motor nerves

Dorsal horns - sensory nerves

69
Q

Dura mater

A

Hard mother

Outermost membrane that is thick, fiberlike, and tough.

Has sensory receptors

70
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Below dura mater

Weblike matting with spaces for CSF to flow to brain & spinal cord

71
Q

Pia mater

A

Soft mother

Thinnest membrane that is closest to brain

Conforms most closely to central nervous system

72
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

One in each cerebral hemisphere

Each has 3 horns to supply CSF to brain lobes

73
Q

Third ventricle

A

Diencephalonic structures

Narrow duct at diencephalon level

74
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Located in front of cerebellum and behind pons

Nourishes brain stem and spinal cord

75
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Produced in choroid plexus (specialized cells) of ventricles

Circulated & reabsorbed by brain & spinal cord

Supplies nutrients to brain

Neuroscience for Communication Disorders (10 decks)

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