Exam 1- Intro To Lipids

Question 1

Main solubility properties of lipids

Answer 1

Completely nonpolar- stored in water free vacuoles

With polar components- form arrays at interfaces

Question 2

What does amphiphilic mean and what does this property allow certain lipids to form?

Answer 2

Containing both nonpolar and polar regions

Enables lipids to form micelles, bilayers, and liposomes. Perfect for membrane structures and lipoproteins

Question 3

Name saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Name which essential

Answer 3

Saturated:

• Palmitic Acid (C16)
• Stearic Acid (C18)

Unsaturated:

• Palmiloleic Acid (C16)
• Oleic Acid (C18)
• Linoleic Acid (C18) * essential
• Arachidonic Acid (C20) * sometimes essential

Question 4

What are differences in the structural features and general properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 4

Saturated- no double bond, solid at room T

Unsaturated- double bonds, liquid at room T

Question 5

Fatty acid

Answer 5

Aliphatic chain with carboxyl group

Question 6

Neutral fat

Answer 6

Glycerol with 3 fatty acids

Question 7

Phosphoglyceride

Answer 7

Neutral fat with phosphate

Question 8

Plasmalogens

Answer 8

Like a neutral fat with alpha/beta alcohol attached to glycerol by ether bond

Question 9

Sphingolipid

Answer 9

Sphingosine with fatty acids

Question 10

Ceramide

Answer 10

Sphingolipid with fatty acid carboxyl bonded to N by amide bond

Question 11

Glycosphingolipid

Answer 11

Ceramide with carb on CH2OH of sphingosine

Question 12

Non-glycerol lipids

Answer 12

Sphingolipid, ceramide, glycosphingolipid

Question 13

Most abundant type of fat

Answer 13

Neutral fats

Question 14

Acid-base to make soap

Answer 14

Neutral fats

Question 15

Name some phosphoglycerides

Answer 15

Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), phosphatidylethenolamine, phosphatidylserine

Question 16

What organic base do all sphingolipid contain?

Answer 16

Sphingosine

Question 17

What functional group do sphingolipid contain?

Answer 17

OH, NH2, CH2OH

Question 18

Main structural component of steroids

Answer 18

4 fused rings in a non-linear arrangement

Question 19

For what classes of compounds is cholesterol the precursor

Answer 19

1) Bile acids such as Cholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids

2) Steroid Hormones
A- protestins: progesterone
B- glucocorticoids: cortisol
C- mineralocorticoids: aldosterone
D- androgens: testosterone
E- estrogens: estradiol
F- vitamin D