Exam 1- Amino Acids Flashcards
Aliphatic amino acids in order of increasing hydrophobicity
Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Proline, Isolecuine
Precursor for heme and purines
Glycine
Precursor for glucose in GNG
Alanine
Constrains protein shape
Proline
Branched chain amino acids
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
Disease caused by inability to catabolism BCAA’s
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Amino acids containing hydroxyl and sulfur side chains
Methionine, cysteine, serine, and threonine
Major source of methyl groups
Methionine
Disulfide linkage
Cysteine
Sphingolipid synthesis
Serine
Amino acid’s with hydroxyl group, frequently found in proteins and turn enzymes on/off
Serine and threonine
Aromatic amino acids
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
Most hydrophobic aa
Phenylalanine
Defect caused by inability to metabolize phenylalanine
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Tyrosine is a precursor for
Thyroid hormone, catecholeamines, dopa, melanin
Diseases caused by defects in tyrosine metabolism
Tyrosinosis, albinism, alcaptonuria
Synthesis of NAD+
Tryptophan
Precursor for seratonin
Tryptophan
Disorder caused by a dietary deficiency of tryptophan
Pellagra (4 D’s)
Has an imidazole ring in its active site
Histidine
Histadine is a precursor for
Histamine
Role in urea cycle in nitrogen metabolism
Arginine
Precursor for NO
Arginine
Defects in metabolism of lysine
Acute hyperlysinemia with hyperammonemia (due to lysine competing with arginase)
Chronic hyperlysinemia without hyperammonemia
Constituent of aspartame
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
AA that is a major excitatory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Glutamate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter _______ and is involved in the synthesis of ________
GABA, creatinine phosphate
Attachment for carbs in glycoproteins
Asparagine
Plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism in transporting ammonia nitrogen to the kidneys
Glutamine
Essential amino acids
Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine and Lysine
Amino termini of many amino acid’s are ________ to make the proteins more resistant to degradation
Acetylated
Amino Acid major roles (4)
1) protein and peptide building blocks
2) precursor for glucose in GNG
3) precursors for hormone synthesis ex. Thyroid hormone
4) precursors for important molecules such as porphyria small, purines, pyrimidines, and urea in nitrogen
Amino acids in humans are usually in what configuration
Alpha configuration/ L-isomer
Isoelectric point
pI= (pKa1 + pKa2)/2
pH/pKa protonated vs deprotonated
pH < pKa protonated
pH > pKa deprotonated
Name 8 types of compounds for which aa’s are precursors
Thyroid hormone, catecholeamines, dopa, melanin- Tyrosine
GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)- glutamate
Nitrous Oxide (neurotransmitter and secondary messenger)- arginine
Histamine - Histidine
Seratonin- Tryptophan
Nicotinamide- Tryptophan
Glucose- Alanine
Heme and Purines- Glycine