Exam 1: Intro to Kinesiology

Question 1

What is kinesiology?
-The study of human ________.

The study of the body as a machine is based in:
-Mechanics, anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics.

Answer 1

movement

Question 2

• What is biomechanics?

- The _______ (mechanics) of motion produced by __________ systems.

Answer 2

physics, biological

Question 3

The Nature of Kinesiology

• Threefold purpose for practitioners:
• Optimize performance for clients with consideration of s_____, e___________, and e________.

Answer 3

safety
effectiveness
efficiency

Question 4

*Motion can be described in 2 ways:

1) _________ terms
- Describes how the human body “looks” upon visual inspection as it performs skills.
- Is based on visual observation, which can range from ‘eyeballing’ to video recording , to sophisticated 3D digital imagery.

2) ________ terms
- Vector and velocity.

Answer 4

1) Qualitative

2) Quantitative

Question 5

Qualitative Motion Analysis

*Qualitative motion analysis incorporates two types of approaches:

1) _________ approach
- Views the total body as a system that progresses through stages or phases as it refines movement patterns.

2) _________ approach
- Rather than looking at the total body as a global system, it breaks it down into component sections.

Answer 5

1) Composite approach

2) Component approach

Question 6

Qualitative Motion Analysis
 - Composite Approach

• The composite approach is known as the “_____ body” approach.
• Although it breaks down movement patterns to primary body parts, the stages of skill progression are based on the product of all the body parts in __________.

Answer 6

total

combination

Question 7

• The _____ is a popular example of a composite approach for identifying fundamental motor skill ability.
• It is a relatively easy-to-administer tool used often in physical education.

Answer 7

TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development #2)

Question 8

Specifically, the TGMD-2 is made up of 12 skills contained in two domains:

Locomotor:

• Run
• Gallop
• Hop
• Leap
• Horizontal Jump
• Slide

Object control:

• Striking a stationary ball
• Stationary dribble
• Kick
• Catch
• Overhand throw
• Underhand roll

Answer 8

Yuh

Question 9

*The TGMD-2 is based on only two possible scores for each criterion, a “__” or a “__”.

Answer 9

0 or 1

Question 10

*If the trained observer sees the criteria during the performance, a “__” is marked in the box; if not, a “__” is marked in the box.

Answer 10

1

0

Question 11

*In contrast to the composite approach, the component approach provides more ______ about performance.

• 5 separate ‘_________’ are used in this example for overhand throwing, and each is divided into 3 or 4 distinct steps that progress from beginner to mature levels of skill.
• Trunk action component.
• Preparatory arm backswing component – humerus and forearm action.
• Forward swing component – humerus action.
• Forward swing component – forearm action.
• Foot action component.

Answer 11

detail

components

Question 12

*Remember that qualitative and quantitative analyses are ___________ rather than competitive.

• We must __________ observe motion to give feedback, but some situations require a deeper understanding of the factors that caused the observed motion.
• Also, some performers require more accurate information that can only be measured __________ (swimmer off the starting blocks).

Answer 12

complementary

qualitatively

quantitatively

Question 13

Kinesiological Analysis:
 A Description of the motor skill performance

• Description of the motor skill performance
  1) Primary purpose of the skill
  2) Movement phases of the skill
  3) Classification of the skill
  4) Simultaneous-sequential nature of the skill

Answer 13

Yuh

Question 14

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

1) Primary Purpose of the skill:
* Without a clear understanding of ___ the movement is being performed, it is virtually impossible to evaluate its effectiveness.
* In this statement of the purpose, applicable references to speed, accuracy, form, and distance should be included.

Answer 14

why

Question 15

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

1) Primary Purpose of the skill:

• What is the purpose of putting in golf?
• To sink the ball in the cup – _______ is the prime determinant of success.

Answer 15

accuracy

Question 16

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

1) Primary Purpose of the skill:

• What is the purpose in batting?
• To make solid contact with the baseball.
• Both ______ and _______ are critical elements if the ball is going to be contacted successfully.

Answer 16

speed, accuracy

Question 17

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

2) Movement phases of the skill
- Breaks down movement into _______.

Answer 17

phases

Question 18

What are the movement phases in putting for golf?

• 3 phases:
• Backswing
• Downswing/Contact
• Follow-through

Answer 18

Yuh. Phases.

Question 19

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

3) Classification of the skill
* Motor skills take many forms and are used for many purposes (therapist, teacher, coach).
* A classification scheme is important because it permits the variety of potential movement skills to be organized into a manageable _______.
* Classification provides clues to the nature of anatomical and mechanical requirements of a group of skills.

Answer 19

grouping

Question 20

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

3) Classification of the skill

System for Classification of Motor skills:
I. Maintaining Erect Posture
II. Movement for exercise and fitness
III. Giving motion
A. To external objects (push, pull, lift)
B. To one’s own body (ground support or suspended)
IV. Receiving Impact
-From one’s own body in landing from a jump or fall
-From external objects in catching, trapping, spotting

Answer 20

Yuh

Question 21

Kinesiological Analysis:
 Description of the motor skill performance

4) Simultaneous-sequential nature of the skill

• ________ - segments move together as one.
• All of the movements are directed along a straight line.
• ________ - segments move in an orderly sequence.
• throwing or striking movements.

Answer 21

Simultaneous

Sequential

Question 22

Simultaneous-sequential example:

• Simultaneous use of body segments:
• Utilized in pushing, pulling, or lifting objects (pushing a file cabinet, pulling as in tug-of-war, bench-pressing).
• Sequential use of body segments:
• When maximal speed at impact or release are required (batting, golf drive, etc.).

Answer 22

Yuh

Question 23

Outline for a Kinesiological Analysis

-Table 1.1 lists the basic components for the kinesiological analysis of a motor skill (page 5 in textbook).

1. Description of the Motor Skill Performance
* **2. Anatomical Analysis***
3. Mechanical Analysis
4. Prescriptions for Improvement of Performance

Answer 23

Yuh

Question 24

Kinesiological Analysis


*Anatomical analysis (refer to figure 1.3/table 1.2)

1. Joint actions and segment motions
   - Which joints are involved, and what are their exact movements in the skill?
   - Any limited range of ______?
2. Muscle participation and form of contraction
   - Which muscles produce joint actions?
   - What type of ________?

Answer 24

motion

contraction

Question 25

3. Neuromuscular Considerations
   - Which neuromuscular mechanisms are involved?
   - -Activation and ________.
4. Anatomical principles related to effective and safe performance.
   - Consideration of structure and function of body - Internal and external stresses.

Answer 25

inhibition

Question 26

Outline for a Kinesiological Analysis

-Table 1.1 lists the basic components for the kinesiological analysis of a motor skill (page 5 in textbook).

1. Description of the Motor Skill Performance
2. Anatomical Analysis
* **3. Mechanical Analysis***
4. Prescriptions for Improvement of Performance

Answer 26

Yuh

Question 27

Kinesiological Analysis

• Mechanical Analysis
  1. Underlying objective of a motion may be:
• _______: regain stability, attain mobility.
• Locomotion: travel from point to point, prescribed distance.
• ________: max height, range and accuracy, or speed and accuracy.
• Manipulation: of objects or resistance.
• _________ effort: speed, power, and force.

Answer 27

Balance

Projection

Maximum effort

Question 28

Kinesiological Analysis

• Mechanical Analysis
  2. Nature of forces causing or impeding motion

3. Mechanical principles that apply
   - ______, forces, balance, _______, and timing
4. Violation of principles
   - Which applications(s) of principles is (are) violated?
   - What are the errors?
   - What are the sources of error?
   - Underlying mechanics objective(s)

Answer 28

Speed, direction

Question 29

Outline for a Kinesiological Analysis

-Table 1.1 lists the basic components for the kinesiological analysis of a motor skill (page 5 in textbook).

1. Description of the Motor Skill Performance
2. Anatomical Analysis
3. Mechanical Analysis
* **4. Prescriptions for Improvement of Performance***

Answer 29

Yuh

Question 30

Kinesiological Analysis

*Prescriptions for the Improvement of Performance

• Indicate how the performance should be changed so that the principles are no longer _______.
• Strategy for effecting ______.
• Concentrate on the causes of _____, not on the symptoms.

Answer 30

violated

change

error