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BLOCK I: Pharmacotherapeutics > EXAM 1 Intro to Derm Products > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Intro to Derm Products Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs applied to skin can be for:

A

Local disease

Systemic disease

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2
Q

Non-drug therapies can be used as ________

A

adjuncts

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3
Q

determinant of pharmacologic response

A
  1. permeability and penetration
  2. concentration gradient
  3. dosing
  4. vehicle
  5. occlusion
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4
Q

permeability: greater for hydrated or dehydrate, flaky scaly

A

hydrated skin

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5
Q

permeability: greater for thick or thin skin

A

thin skin

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6
Q

permeability: greater for face, scrotum, axilla, scalp or arm, back thigh

A

face, scrotum, axilla, scalp

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7
Q

permeability: foot, leg, hand or arm, back, thigh

A

arm, back, thigh

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8
Q

permeability: cut, scratch, shave or no trauma

A

cut, scratch, shave

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9
Q

greater concentration = greater or lower amount per unit time

A

greater

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10
Q

____ may exist: ____ concentration necessary for effect

A

Threshold may exist: minimum concentration necessary for effect

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11
Q

things that affect dosing

A
  • time left on skin
  • frequency
  • quantity/area
  • dermis: barrier or reservoir
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12
Q

carrying agent that may have therapeutic effects itself and maximizes efficacy

A

vehicle

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13
Q

physical properties of vehicles

A
  • Scalp/Hairy Areas: tincture, lotion, gel, foam, aerosols, shampoo
  • Lubricant: ointment, some creams
  • Drying Effect: tincture, lotions & creams
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14
Q
  • Direct application or covering of an agent
  • Maximizes efficacy
  • Increases absorption and decreases evaporation
  • Protection
A

occlusion

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15
Q

goals of wet lesions

A

we want to dry them

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16
Q

goal of dry lesions

A

we want to wet them

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17
Q

way to dry/wet lesions

A
  • Think base/vehicle
  • Adjuncts to topical application
  • Timing of different bases
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18
Q

drug particle contained within vehicle/base

A

emulsions

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19
Q

Most common vehicle

Most are oil-in-water

A

creams

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20
Q

Commonly used, especially for chronic lesions

Good for dry lesions due to occlusive properties

A

ointments

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21
Q

Solutions of powder in water

A

lotions

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22
Q

Clear, nongreasy, nonstaining, nonocclusive, quick drying (bc have a lot of alcohol that quickly evaporates)

A

gels

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23
Q

Evaporate quickly to cause drying

Often only dosage form for acute wounds that are weeping/oozing

A

solutions

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24
Q

2 major classes:

  • oil-in-water
  • water-in-oil (more oil=more viscosity)

available in liquid and semi-solid forms

A

emulsions

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25
Q

Application – rub in until vanishes (Pt education)

Doesn’t leave much residue

No occlusion

A

creams

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26
Q

Not good for intertriginous areas due to maceration

Can be cosmetically unpleasing

A

ointments

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27
Q

Good for tender areas because need less effort to apply

A

lotions

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28
Q

Provide cooling and drying

Good for large areas

A

lotions

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29
Q

Good for visible areas because no residue

A

gels

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30
Q

Can sting on application and be drying

A

gels

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31
Q

Can be applied as dressing or patient can soak in the solution

Can be added to bath for large application

A

solutions

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32
Q
  • Alcohol-based solution

- Used mainly for extreme drying properties

A

tinctures

33
Q

Drying and cooling

Often used to absorb moisture and reduce friction

A

powders

34
Q

Caution if applying to very wet lesion as crusting can result and cause pain/irritation upon removal

A

powders

35
Q

Advantage is for very painful skin

Few Rx drugs available

Expensive and not efficient dosage form

A

aerosols

36
Q

acute inflammation

A 
aqueous vehicles and water
powder solutions
lotions
sprays
aerosols
37
Q

subacute inflammation

A

creams

gels

38
Q

chronic inflammation

A

ointments

39
Q

ring shaped

A

annular

i.e. tinea

40
Q

acnelike

A

acneiform

i.e. acne vulgaris

41
Q

shaped like an arc

A

arcuate

i.e. syphilis

42
Q

circular

A

circinate

i.e. tinea

43
Q

lesions that run together

A

confluent

i.e. psoriasis, tinea

44
Q

lesions remain separate

A

discrete

i.e. psoriasis, tinea

45
Q

general terms for dry, red, flaky or lichenified skin without clear border

A

eczematous

i.e. chronic allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis

46
Q

shaped like islands or continents; maplike

A

geographic

i.e. generalized psoriasis

47
Q

lesions clustered together

A

grouped

i.e. herpes

48
Q

appears like herpes simplex

A

herpetiform

i.e. herpes simplex

49
Q

irritant dermatitis in skin folds

A

intertrigo

i.e. diaper dermatitis

50
Q

looks like a bull’s eye, lesion within a lesion, target lesion

A

iris

i.e. erythema multiforme

51
Q

horny thickening

A

keratotic

i.e. psoriasis, corn, callus

52
Q

shaped in lines

A

linear

i.e. poison ivy

53
Q

more than one type type or shape of lesion

A

multiform

i.e. erythema multiform

54
Q

papule with desquamination

A

papulosquamous

i.e. psoriasis

55
Q

snakelike lesions

A

serpiginous

i.e. cutaneous larva migrans

56
Q

appears like herpes zoster

A

zosteriform

i.e. herpes zoster

57
Q

non palpable
flat
change in color
< 1cm

A

macule

i.e. freckles, flat moles

58
Q

non palpable
flat
change in color
> 1cm

A

patch

i.e. vitiligo, cafe au last spots, chloasma

59
Q

palpable
solid mass
may have change in color
<1cm

A

papule

i.e. verrucae, noninflammatory acne (comedones), raised nevus

60
Q

palpable
solid mass
most often below plane of skin
1-2cm

A

nodule

i.e. erythema nodosum, severe acne

61
Q

palpable
solid mass
>2cm
most often above and below plane of skin

A

tumor

i.e. neoplasms

62
Q

flat
elevated
superficial papule with surface area greater than height
> 1cm

A

plaque

i.e. psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis

63
Q

superficial area of cutaneous edema

fluid not confined to cavity

A

wheal

i.e. urticaria/hives, insect bite

64
Q

palpable
fluid-filled cavity
< 1cm
filled with serous fluid (blister)

A

vesicle

i.e. herpes simplex, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis

65
Q

palpable
fluid-filled cavity
> 1cm
filled with serous fluid (blister)

A

bulla

i.e. pemphigus vulgaris, second degree burn

66
Q

similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

A

pustule

i.e. acne, impetigo, folliculitis

67
Q

plugged opening of sebaceous gland

A

comedone

i.e. acne, blackhead, whitehead

68
Q

palpable lesion filled with semiliquid material or fluid

A

cyst

i.e. sebaceous cyst

69
Q

accumulation of purulent material in dermis or subcutaneous layers of skin
purulent material not visible on surface of skin

A

abscess

70
Q

inflammatory nodule involving a hair follicle, following an episode of folliculitis

A

furuncle

i.e. small boil

71
Q

coalescence of several furuncles

A

carbuncles

i.e. large boil

72
Q

loss of part or all the epidermis

A

erosion

i.e. ecthyma

73
Q

loss of epidermis and dermis

A

ulcer

i.e. stasis ulcer

74
Q

linear crack from epidermis to dermis

A

fissure

i.e. tinea pedis

75
Q

self-induced linear, traumatized area cause by intense scratching

A

excoriation

i.e. atopic dermatitis, extreme pruritis

76
Q

thinning of skin with loss of dermal tissue

A

atrophy

i.e. striae

77
Q

dried residue of pus, serum, or blood from a wound, pustule, or vesicle

A

crusts

i.e. impetigo, scabs

78
Q

thickening of epidermis
accentuated skin markings
usually induced by scratching or chronic inflammation

A

lichenification

i.e. atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis

79
Q

Want to ______ drying of wet lesions and improve ______ of dry lesions

A

Want to increase drying of wet lesions and improve hydration of dry lesions

BLOCK I: Pharmacotherapeutics (9 decks)

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