Exam 1 Drugs for Select Parasitic Skin Infections Flashcards
Should drug therapy be accompanied with non-pharmacological therapy?
yes
types of non-pharmacological therapies
- combs
- disinfestation of bedding, clothes, etc
- evaluating environment
- Good for eyelashes or for those who want to avoid pharmaceuticals
- Can be difficult to remove
petroleum
Don’t forget to treat _____ contacts!
Don’t forget to treat sexual contacts!
General concepts for drugs used to lice:
- Many are OTC
- Come in variety of dosage forms and nit removal kits
- Each has very specific instructions for use
- Each has specific age limits
pharmaceutical therapy for lice
-pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide
-permethrin
-benzyl alcohol
-spinosad
-ivermectin
-malathlon
NO LINDANE
Acts on lice neuronal system similar to DDT
pyrethrins and piper only butoxide
decreases metabolism of active ingredient in arthropods
piperonyl butoxide
avoid use around eyes
- pyrethrins and piperonyl but oxide
- permethrin
caution with allergy to ragweed or chrysanthemums
- pyrethrins and piperonyl but oxide
- permethrin
Acts to asphyxiate arthropods
benzyl alcohol
Very effective!!!!
Don’t have to Nit Pick (but should comb for aesthetic reasons or for schools with no-nit policy)
spinosad
Thought to work by neurologic stimulation
spinosad
New (2012) but generic available already that can still can be $100+
spinosad
can be given PO
ivermectin
interrups nerve conduction
ivermectin
Organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholine and thus neuromuscular function ACh
malathlon
Recommended if resistance is in question
malathlon
DO NOT USE!
**Not first-line due to black box warning of absorption and CNS toxicity
LINDANE
Acts as CNS stimulant and causes seizures in arthropods
LINDANE
general concepts for scabies:
- Must treat bedding and clothing
- Must treat all infected persons in household or institution
- For itching that persists after initial eradication you can opt to use topical corticosteroid
- Joints of hands, beltline, webs of toes, periphery where clothes meet and end
pharmaceutical therapy for scabies
- permethrin
- ivermectin
- crotamiton
Inhibits Na+ influx through neuronal cells that impairs nerve conduction
permethrin
Avoid use around eyes
permethrin
Caution with allergy to ragweed or chrysanthemums
permethrin
Interrupts nerve conduction
ivermectin
Not FDA-approved for scabies but listed by CDC
ivermectin
PO formulation not FDA approved but quite effective
ivermectin
Associated with relatively high failure rates
crotamiton
