Exam 1 Drugs for Select Parasitic Skin Infections

Question 1

Should drug therapy be accompanied with non-pharmacological therapy?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

types of non-pharmacological therapies

Answer 2

• combs
• disinfestation of bedding, clothes, etc
• evaluating environment

Question 3

• Good for eyelashes or for those who want to avoid pharmaceuticals
• Can be difficult to remove

Answer 3

petroleum

Question 4

Don’t forget to treat _____ contacts!

Answer 4

Don’t forget to treat sexual contacts!

Question 5

General concepts for drugs used to lice:

Answer 5

• Many are OTC
• Come in variety of dosage forms and nit removal kits
• Each has very specific instructions for use
• Each has specific age limits

Question 6

pharmaceutical therapy for lice

Answer 6

-pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide
-permethrin
-benzyl alcohol
-spinosad
-ivermectin
-malathlon
NO LINDANE

Question 7

Acts on lice neuronal system similar to DDT

Answer 7

pyrethrins and piper only butoxide

Question 8

decreases metabolism of active ingredient in arthropods

Answer 8

piperonyl butoxide

Question 9

avoid use around eyes

Answer 9

• pyrethrins and piperonyl but oxide

- permethrin

Question 10

caution with allergy to ragweed or chrysanthemums

Answer 10

• pyrethrins and piperonyl but oxide

- permethrin

Question 11

Acts to asphyxiate arthropods

Answer 11

benzyl alcohol

Question 12

Very effective!!!!

Don’t have to Nit Pick (but should comb for aesthetic reasons or for schools with no-nit policy)

Answer 12

spinosad

Question 13

Thought to work by neurologic stimulation

Answer 13

spinosad

Question 14

New (2012) but generic available already that can still can be $100+

Answer 14

spinosad

Question 15

can be given PO

Answer 15

ivermectin

Question 16

interrups nerve conduction

Answer 16

ivermectin

Question 17

Organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholine and thus neuromuscular function ACh

Answer 17

malathlon

Question 18

Recommended if resistance is in question

Answer 18

malathlon

Question 19

DO NOT USE!

**Not first-line due to black box warning of absorption and CNS toxicity

Answer 19

LINDANE

Question 20

Acts as CNS stimulant and causes seizures in arthropods

Answer 20

LINDANE

Question 21

general concepts for scabies:

Answer 21

• Must treat bedding and clothing
• Must treat all infected persons in household or institution
• For itching that persists after initial eradication you can opt to use topical corticosteroid
• Joints of hands, beltline, webs of toes, periphery where clothes meet and end

Question 22

pharmaceutical therapy for scabies

Answer 22

• permethrin
• ivermectin
• crotamiton

Question 23

Inhibits Na+ influx through neuronal cells that impairs nerve conduction

Answer 23

permethrin

Question 24

Avoid use around eyes

Answer 24

permethrin

Question 25

Caution with allergy to ragweed or chrysanthemums

Answer 25

permethrin

Question 26

Interrupts nerve conduction

Answer 26

ivermectin

Question 27

Not FDA-approved for scabies but listed by CDC

Answer 27

ivermectin

Question 28

PO formulation not FDA approved but quite effective

Answer 28

ivermectin

Question 29

Associated with relatively high failure rates

Answer 29

crotamiton