Exam 1: Human Geo Flashcards
What are the 2 main branches of geography? How does GIS relate to them?
Human Geo & Physical Geo
- GIS has both human and physical geo
What are some key differences between thematic/systematic geography and regional geography? Which
category does our class fall under?
Thematic/ Systematic: focuses on a specific topic/theme of geography I.e economic geography
Regional: just focuses on the characteristics of an area
Our class is thematic, we’re learning about both human & physical
What is the difference between latitude and longitude? What is the graticule?
Latitude: uses parallels on a map, but deals with how far north or south from the equator you are
Longitude: uses meridians, how far east or west from the prime median
Graticule: is an imaginary grid around the earth
What is scale? Do large-scale maps show large geographical areas? Why/why not?
Scale- ratio between the map and the area being mapped
large-scale maps show smaller geographical
areas, while small-scale maps show larger geographical areas
Why does distortion occur, and what are the 4 characteristics that can be distorted?
Distortion forms because taking a 3D object to 2D causes some characteristics to be messed up
Distance
Direction
Shape
Area
What are projections? What do we have to think about when deciding which projection to use?
Projections is a way of flattening the earth to make a map
When using projections we have to decide what characteristics we are willing to sacrifice to make the map
What is spatial diffusion? How do contagious diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, and relocation diffusion
work differently?
Spatial diffusion-is how things spread over space
Contagious- spreads through proximity
Hierarchical- spreads from the top down
Relocation- as people migrate they bring their culture, ideas, practices with them, therefore those things spread as well
What is space-time compression?
Essentially space-time compression is the result of advancement in tech has allowed ideas & people able to travel longer distances over a shorter time
What are fertility and mortality?
Fertility- how many people are being born
Mortality- how many people are dying
What is the difference between migration and circulation?
Migration- temporary, seasonal, permanent relocation of people
Circulation- short term movements of people
What is the total fertility rate? Why do we only count women?
average number of kids a women will have during her reproductive age
- we only count women because they’re the one giving birth
What is population density?
Pop. density is the number of people per unit square of an area
Why must the replacement rate always be higher than 2?
Because some children may die before they themselves have a kid
What is the dependency ratio?
The ratio of non-working age pop. to the working age pop.
What are the 5 stages of demographic transition theory? Understand what each stage means in terms of
births, deaths, and rate of population growth.
- Birth & Death rates are high
- Birth rates high & death rates decline as medicine improves
- Birth rates decline as economic developments improve, & death low & pop. is growing
- pop. growth levels off as birth & death rates equal
- Death outpaces Birth rates, pop. declines
What are population pyramids? How do they often differ between more-developed and less-developed
countries?
Pop. pyramids are a way of showing age and sex
breakdown of a country’s
(or other area’s) population
More-developed countries tend to have more older people, like an hour-glass figure (inverse)
While less-developed tend to look more like a pyramid shape
What is the difference between nations, states, and nation-states?
Nations: group of people who see themselves as a unit based on a shared criteria (such as ethnic or cultural)
States: indp. gov’t excising control over a bordered area
Nation-States: homogenous nation governed by its own sovereign state
What are lieux de m ́emoire?
basically memories of a nation, “containers” of memories
What is colonialism? How is neocolonialism different?
Colonialism: When a powerful country takes over a country of lower status
Neo-Colonialism: is former colonial countries still exercising influence on their former colonies
What is decolonization?
When a colonized people reacquisition their own land
What approach does modernization theory take towards economic development? How is world-systems theory a reaction to this idea?
Modernization theory
the logic: technology, knowledge, and productivity support international trade → growth and prosperity
- basically poor countries follow rich step-plan
World- systems theory suggest that this isn’t possible because the system is against peripheral countries
What is the difference between core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral countries?
Core: Rich, economic developed, robust infrastructure
Peripheral: poor, outside countries
Semi-Peripheral: Less developed as core, but better off then Peripheral
- Brazil, Russia
What are the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors of the economy? Which sector(s)
predominate in most developed countries? How has this changed over time?
Primary: raw materials from Earth
Secondary: Manufacturing
Tertiary: Service
Quaternary: Knowledge oriented work
Most developed countries are now focused on tertiary & quaternary but it used to be secondary
