Exam 1: History of Animal Behavior

Question 1

• What was Aristotle’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 1

Father of modern Day Psychology and Biology

Question 2

What was Andreas Vesalius’ contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 2

Re-popularized the study of animals, Belgian anatomist, physician; Performed multitude of dissections

Question 3

What was Rene Descartes’ contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 3

• father of geometry, described animals as biological machines

Question 4

• What was Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 4

• Doctrine of the inheritance of acquired traits; provided account toward evolution of animals; account for how it changes overtime
• Experiments do not relate to genes, unless connected to genes

Question 5

What was Charles Darwin’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 5

• Origins of Species Through Natural Selection
  1. Within a population there is variation among individuals.
  2. Some of that variation comes from traits passed from parents to the offspring.
  3. Within a population, not all individuals are expected to survive and reproduce. The ones who do, however, are able to because of inherited traits that have made them more fit.

(Done before DNA discovered)

Question 6

• What was Konrad Lorenz’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 6

• studied imprinting behaviors

Question 7

What was Niko Tinbergen’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 7

• 4 questions to summarize and conclude animal behavior

Question 8

• What was Karl von Frisch’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 8

• studied communication and classical conditioning of color vision in honeybees

Question 9

What was Lloyd Morgan’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 9

wanted to steer comparative psychologists away from anthropomorphism

Law of parsimony/Morgan’s Cannon

assisted by Clever Hans

Question 10

What was John B Watson’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 10

behaviorism founder, wanted to eliminate the subjectivity and anthropomorphism in comparative physiology

Question 11

• What was Frank Ambrose Beach’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 11

• suggested using broader range of subjects in natural settings; influenced Edward Wilson and Jane Goodall

Question 12

• What was Edward Wilson’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 12

• studied social behavior in ants and other insects; influenced by Franch Ambrose Beach

Question 13

Behaviorism

Answer 13

• the theory than human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts and feelings, and than some mental conditions are best treated by altering behavior patterns

Question 14

Law of parsimony/Morgan’s Cannon

Answer 14

• best described by simple explanation rather than glamorized ones; use inferences and be scientific; encouraged others to be more objective

Question 15

What was Jane Goodall’s contribution to the field of animal behavior?

Answer 15

• social behavior in chimpanzees; founder of hormones and behavior; worked on rats, pigeons, dogs, hyenas, hamsters, and humans

Question 16

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 16

• comparative psychologist
• used a conditioned stimulus against an unconditioned stimulus to generate a conditioned response in dogs panting for a ringing bell

Question 17

Edward Thorndike

Answer 17

• comparative psychologist
• created response reinforcer with a cat puzzle box; had to learn steps in order to open box and recieve food as reward

Question 18

Describe three differences between ethologists and comparative psychologists

Answer 18

-Ethologists focused on studying animals in natural contexts, while comparative psychologist focused on laboratory settings

-Ethologists focused on innate behavior and comparative psychologists focused on learned behavior

-Ethologists focused on survival significance and evolution origin while comparative psychologists focused on physiological mechanisms and development of behavior over time

Question 19

Kinesis

Answer 19

nondirectional behavior, changes as result of intensity of the stimulus

Question 20

Taxis

Answer 20

directed behavior, usually toward or away from a behavior

Question 21

Phototaxis

Answer 21

positive or negative (toward or away from stimulus)

Question 22

Reotaxis

Answer 22

moving toward or away from current (of water)

Question 23

Name example of kinesis

Answer 23

dog hiding from high volume music, bird scattering is result of disturbance

Question 24

Name example of Taxis

Answer 24

• dog biting individual, animal moving into or toward hot sun, animal responding to being given food

Question 25

Other than a reflex, what would be an example of a fixed action pattern demonstrated by humans?

Answer 25

yawning and cute animal noises

Question 26

Other than those mentioned in this lecture, what would be an additional example of an innate animal behavior?

Answer 26

• Birds preening
• Cats licking themselves
• Animal cracking out of eggshell