Exam 1 - Fluid Disorders

Question 1

What percentage of body water is TBW?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What is the TBW of a 154 lb male?

Answer 2

42 L

Question 3

What 3 compartments make up body fluids?

Answer 3

1) Intracellular
2) Interstital
3) Intravascular

Question 4

What percentage of body fluids is intracellular fluid?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

What percentage of body fluids is intravascular fluid?

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What percentage of body fluids is interstitial?

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

What four things (including electrolytes) is ICF rich in?

Answer 7

1) Potassium
2) Magnesium
3) Phosphates
4) Proteins

Question 8

What is the term for an increase in transcellular space?

Answer 8

Third space (or spacing)

Question 9

What is the formula for determining maintenance fluid for patients?

Answer 9

1500 mL + 20 mL for each kg >20

Question 10

What is the formula for calculating water deficit for patients?

Answer 10

0.6 (LBW) X [ ( Current Na / 140) - 1 ]

Question 11

Normal Saline (NaCl or NS) contains how much sodium and how much chloride?

Answer 11

Na = 154 mEq/L 
Cl = 154 mEq/L

Question 12

Lactated Ringer’s or LR contains how much Na and Cl?

Answer 12

Na = 130 mEq/L 
Cl = 109 mEq/L

Question 13

Which fluids are isotonic solutions?

Answer 13

0.9% NaCl

LR

D5W

Question 14

Which fluid is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 14

3% NaCl

Question 15

Which solution is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 15

0.45% NaCl

Question 16

Name the four crystalloid solutions.

Answer 16

1) Normal saline
2) Half-normal saline
3) Hypertonic saline
4) LR

Question 17

Normal saline = ?

Answer 17

0.9% NaCl

Question 18

T/F: Normal Saline can be used to treat Metabolic Alkalosis.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

T/F: Normal saline can be used to treat hyponatremia.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

T/F: 0.45% NaCl should not be used for large volume resuscitation.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What electrolyte levels do you need to monitor with half normal saline?

Answer 21

SODIUM

-can cause serious hyponatremia

Question 22

Which crystalloid is used to treat severely symptomatic hyponatremia?

Answer 22

Hypertonic normal saline (3% normal saline)

Question 23

What does D5W treat?

Answer 23

Fluid loss, severe hypernatremia

Question 24

What does D5 1/2 NS treat?

Answer 24

Hypernatremia

Question 25

What type of acidosis can saline infusions cause?

Answer 25

Normal Gap Acidosis

Question 26

Name the four colloidal solutions.

Answer 26

1) Albumin 5%
2) Dextrans
3) Hetastarch
4) FFP

Question 27

Name the 3 most appropriate indications for use of albumin.

Answer 27

1) Plasmapheresis/apheresis
2) Large-volume paracentesis
3) SBP

Question 28

_______ is when non-vesicant fluid leaks into surrounding tissue.

Answer 28

INFILTRATION

Question 29

_____ is inflammation of the vein.

Answer 29

PHLEBITIS

Question 30

_______ is a leakage of vesicant fluid into surrounding tissue.

Answer 30

EXTRAVASATION

Question 31

Name the 3 correction fluids.

Answer 31

1) NS
2) LR
3) Hypertonic saline

Question 32

Name the 2 maintenance fluids.

Answer 32

1) D5W

2) D51/2NS