Exam 1 - F/E

Question 1

Name normal range for sodium.

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/L

Question 2

Name normal range for potassium.

Answer 2

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 3

Name normal range for chloride.

Answer 3

98-106 mEq/L

Question 4

Name normal range for bicarbonate.

Answer 4

21-30 mEq/L

Question 5

Name normal range for Magnesium.

Answer 5

1.5-1.9 mEq/L

Question 6

What is the formula for calculated osmolality?

Answer 6

2(Na) + [Glucose]/18 + [BUN]/2.8

Question 7

What determines an omolar gap in a patient?

Answer 7

When measured serum osmolality is > calculated serum osmolality by 10 or more

Question 8

Normal range for sodium = ?

Answer 8

135-145 mEq/L

Question 9

______ disorders are water disorders.

Answer 9

SODIUM disorders are water disorders.

Question 10

Name the severe symptoms of Hyponatremia.

Answer 10

• Vomiting
• Cardiorespiratory distress
• Abnormal and deep sleep
• Seizures
• Coma

Question 11

Name subtle symptoms of Hyponatremia.

Answer 11

• Gait abnormalities
• Falls
• Reduced concentration
• Cognitive deficits
• Increased OP and fractures

Question 12

What most often causes Euvolemic Hyponatremia?

Answer 12

SIADH

Question 13

What is Hypertonic Hyponatremia usually associated with?

Answer 13

Hyperglycemia

Question 14

T/F: In hypertonic hyponatremia, as you treat the hyperglycemia, the sodium will return to normal.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Name the 6 common causes of Hypovolemic Hyponatremia.

Answer 15

1) Diuretic use (especially thiazides)
2) Sweat losses
3) GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)
4) Hypoadrenalism (low cortisol, low aldosterone)
5) Renal tubular acidosis (leads to excess loss of sodium and water via the kidneys)
6) Third space losses (bowel obstruction, pancreatitis, burns)

Question 16

What is the treatment for Hypovolemic Hyponatremia?

Answer 16

Normal saline

-Once stable, use maintenance fluid

Question 17

Name the 4 sub-causes of SIADH that cause Euvolemic Hyponatremia.

Answer 17

1) Carcinomas (lung and pancreas)
2) Pulmonary disorders (pneumonia, TB)
3) CNS disorders (meningitis, stroke, tumor, trauma)
4) Drugs - a lot (see another card for naming)

Question 18

Name the drugs/types that can cause SIADH