Exam 1-Exercise 3 Flashcards
What are the molecules of life
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
What is a carbon backbone?
Long molecules that are formed by carbons
What is a functional group?
Smalls groups of atoms that are found together
what is a monomer
a single building block unit of larger molecules called polymers
what is a polymer
many molymers put together
What is a carbohydrate
carbon water; QUICK energy
what is a monosaccharide?
one sugar; QUICK ENERGY
What is dehydration synthesis?
Put together, and taking a water off
what is hydrolysis?
separates the two with addition of water
What is a disaccharides
2 sugars
What is an oligosacchraide?
3-10 sugars
What is a polysaccharide?
Cellulose; Gives structure, cell wall; STORED ENERGY
what are lipids?
organic molecules that are NOT water-soluble
what are fatty acids
long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at the end
what are saturated fats
they have NO double bonds; Each carbon is saturated with two hydrogen
what are unsaturated fat
DO have double bonds; some carbons only have one hydrogen
what is omega-3
There is a double bond on the third-from-the-last carbon
What is a tryglyceride?
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol; used for energy storage, insulation, and cushioning
what is a phospholipid made of? what function does it serve?
Glycerol+2 fatty acids+phosphate group; Cell membraneq
what is an amino acid/
the monomers from which proteins are made
Why is the shape of a protein important?
change the shape, and the protein wont work
If a protein’s shape has been changed permanently then it has been ___________
denatured
What functions do proteins serve in living things
structure, contraction, transportation, defense, hormones, enzymes
What is a catalyst?
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reactions but is not used up in that chemical reaction
