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Pharm FA16 > Exam 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which behavior modifying drugs are SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine & Trazodone

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2
Q

Which behavior drug is a TCA?

A

Clomipramine

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3
Q

Which behavior drug is an MAOI?

A

Deprenyl

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4
Q

Which drug is used strictly for cognitive disorders in geriatric patients?

A

Deprenyl

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5
Q

How do TCAs contribute to analgesia?

A

Block NMDA receptor

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6
Q

What are the 2 MAO subtypes? Which does Deprenyl target?

A

Subtype A–>serotonin

Subtype B–> Dopamine (Target)

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7
Q

Cognitive disorders are usually associated with a deficiency in which NT?

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

An inhibitory NT

A

GABA

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9
Q

2 non-dopamine receptors targeted by acepromazine

A 
Histamine (H1)
alpha blockade (1>2)
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10
Q

target receptor for ace

A

dopamine subtype 2

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11
Q

3 other receptor targets for TCAs

A

histamine
muscarinic
alpha adrenergic
*** ALL ARE BLOCKED ***

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12
Q

1/2 life of clomipramine

A

9 hours (+/- metabolite)

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13
Q

why is decreased appetite seen with TCAs?

A

serotonin build up

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14
Q

half life of fluoxetine in 1) dogs 2) cats

A

1) 6 hrs

2) 35 hours

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15
Q

how long is the half life of fluoexetine’s active metabolite?

A

50+ hours

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16
Q

T/F: fluoxetin is approved for use in cats

A

False (but is used)

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17
Q

T/F: Trazodone is approved for use in animals

A

False

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18
Q

3 ways to classify pain

A

1) severity
2) duration
3) source

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19
Q

2 nociceptors and the pain that they transmit

A

1) delta fibers–acute, local pain

2) c fibers– dull and achy

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20
Q

what areas to opioids work at?

A

brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

3 classes of opioid receptors

A

mu (mop), kappa (kop), delta (dop)

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22
Q

what 3 cellular changes do opioids cause to decrease pain

A

1) inhibit adenylyl cyclase (lowers cAMP)
2) activate K channels (outflow)
3) inhibit voltage Ca channels

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23
Q

through what receptor can opioids cause emesis?

A

Dopamine

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24
Q

which opioid can cause an anaphylactoid reaction and how?

A

Morphine; causes mast cell degranulation

25
Q

oxymorphone is ___x as potent at morphine

A

10-15x

26
Q

hydromorphone is __x as potent as morphine

A

5x

27
Q

which opioid has a short duration of action?

A

Hydromorphone (2-4 hours)

28
Q

which opioid is synthetic?

A

Fentanyl

29
Q

Which opioids are dosed in mcg/kg?

A

Fentanyl and buprenorphine

30
Q

some opioids can be mixed with ____ ____ to be used as a neuroleptanagesic?

A

dopamine antagonists

31
Q

Fentanyl’s lipophilicity allows it to penetrate what skin layer?

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

T/F: tramadol’s metabolite is more active

A

True

33
Q

Why should caution be used when giving tramadol with SSRIs?

A

both drugs inhibit NE and serotonin uptake at the synapse

34
Q

describe butorphanol’s receptor affinity

A

MOP: anatagonist
KOP: agonist

35
Q

which opioid produces less excitability in horses?

A

Butorphanol

36
Q

describe buprenorphine’s receptor affinity

A

MOP: partial agonist
KOP: antagonist

37
Q

which opioid has a generally longer duration of action?

A

buprenorphine

38
Q

two way catecholamines are metabolized

A

1) MOA

2) COMT

39
Q

cAMP in smooth muscle causes

A

relaxation

40
Q

receptor target for Dobutamine

A

Beta 1 agonist

41
Q

Name 2 alpha-2 AGONISTS. which is more selective?

A

1) xylazine

2) Dexmedetomidine (more selective)

42
Q

Reversal drug for sedation with alpha 2 agonists?

A

Atipamezole

43
Q

main indication for beta-2 AGONISTS

A

bronchodilation

44
Q

name 3 beta-2 AGONISTS

A

Terbutaline, Clenbuterol, Albuterol

45
Q

which drug is the most effective beta-2 agonist?

A

Epinephrine (but it’s non-selective)

46
Q

which beta- ANTAGONIST is selective for Beta-1 ?

A

Atenolol

47
Q

What type of receptor is nicotinic?

A

Ligand Gated

48
Q

what type of receptor is muscarinic?

A

g-protein linked

49
Q

two nicotinic receptor subtypes

A

1) Nm

2) Nn

50
Q

name a DIRECT cholinergic AGONIST

A

Bethanecol

51
Q

Name 2 reversible cholinesterase inhibitors (indirect cholinergic agonists)

A

1) Neostigmine

2) Edrophonium

52
Q

Which cholinergic AGONIST is longer acting and be used to treat myasthenia gravis?

A

Neostigmine

53
Q

myasthenia gravis affects which specific nicotinic receptor?

A

Nm

54
Q

which drug can be used in a tensilon test to Dx myasthenia gravis?

A

Edrophonium

55
Q

name 2 cholinergic ANTAGONISTS

A

1) Atropine

2) Glycopyrrolate

56
Q

mechanism of action for atropine

A

occupy muscarinic receptor on effector cell to block ACh binding

57
Q

4 main clinical signs of OP toxicity? Usual cause of death?

A

SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urinary, defication)

Death from bronchoconstriction

58
Q

which drug is a cholinesterase reactivator?

A

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Pharm FA16 (6 decks)

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