Cancer, Immunomodulatory, & Endocrine

Question 1

Name 3 targets of anti-cancer drugs (that aren’t the cell cycle)

Answer 1

Regulators of cell cycle (signal transducers)
DNA repair mechanisms
Tumor environment

Question 2

Use of continuous low doses of drugs to target the tumor’s environment is called

Answer 2

metronomics

Question 3

Differentiate between induction and maintenance therapy

Answer 3

Induction–>initial therapy intended to induce remission

Maintenance–>lower doses for longer period of time; prolong remission

Question 4

Differentiate between Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant therapy

Answer 4

Adjuvant–>given after tumor removal to kill residual cells

Neoadjuvant–reduces tumor size BEFORE excision

Question 5

Therapy that is intended to control symptoms or prolong life when a cure is unlikely

Answer 5

palliative

Question 6

What is the biggest reason for therapeutic failure with cancer?

Answer 6

Resistance

Question 7

4 mechanisms to acquired tumor resistance

Answer 7

decreased intracellular drug concentrations (MDR)

metabolism

Mutation/amplification of target

Repair DNA damage

Question 8

Name 2 ways dosing for cancer meds is unique?

Answer 8

Dose on body surface area

Give maximum tolerated dose

Question 9

Name the 3 immunomodulatory drugs

Answer 9

Azathioprine
Oclacitinib
Cyclosporine

Question 10

Which immune drug is a prodrug?

Answer 10

Azathioprine

Question 11

Oclacitinib MOA?

Answer 11

JAK inhibitor

Question 12

Cyclosporine MOA?

Answer 12

inhibits calcineurin (inhibits T-cells)

Question 13

Which thyroid hormone is the active form? Primary form taken up by cells?

Answer 13

T3

T4

Question 14

Methimazole MOA?

Answer 14

inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase (drug gets iodinated instead of tyrosine)

Question 15

What unique formula is available for Methimazole administration?

Answer 15

transdermal gel

Question 16

Which forms of vitamin D must undergo two activations (liver and kidney)?

Answer 16

D2 (Ergocalciferol)

D3 (cholecalciferol)

Question 17

Which vitamin D form only requires HEPATIC activation?

Answer 17

Dihydrotachysterol

Question 18

The most potent form of vitamin D that requires NO activation

Answer 18

Calcitriol (active vit D)

Question 19

The smaller the salt, the _____ Ca that will be in each mg

Answer 19

More

Question 20

The insulin with the most immediate actions but also the shortest duration

Answer 20

regular insulin

Question 21

the insulin that’s intermediate acting and best for control between meals

Answer 21

protamine zinc insulin

Question 22

a long-lasting insulin that can be used once daily

Answer 22

glargine insulin

Question 23

a long-lasting insulin with an attached FA

Answer 23

Detemir insulin

Question 24

In which species can recombinant insulin be used?

Answer 24

cats only