Exam 1 content Flashcards
Activity pacing
Activity scheduling, reducing the speed of activities, taking breaks, maintaining a consistent pace, and separating tasks into manageable components
Attention diversion
Distract from pain to reduce the perception of pain and associated stress, such as encouraging exposure to pleasant activities
Cognitive restructuring
Identify and change maladaptive thoughts and emotions
Goal setting
Develop specific, reasonable, objective, and patient-centered goals
Graded exposure
Gradual, systematic progression of exercise from initial tolerable level
Maintenance strategies
Create plans to manage flare-ups, anticipate future problems, adherence and progression of exercise program
Problem-solving strategies
Define problem, select goal, list alternatives, select solution, implement, evaluate outcome
Chief complaint
- Age
- sex
- main problem
History of present illness
- Complete history of current problem
- Reason the patient is here to see you
- possible risk factors and all symptoms and prior care
Red/Yellow Flags
- Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, drop attacks
- Cauda Equina syndrome: saddle anesthesia, bowel/bladder incontinence
- Spinal cord compression: bilateral/quadrilateral paresthesia, facial paresthesia, drop attacks, nystagmus/blurred vision
- Cancer: Persistent night pains, unrelenting/constant pain, significant/unexplained weight gain or weight loss, loss of appetite, unwarranted fatigue
- Miscellaneous: Fever, night sweats, pregnancy, emotional disturbances
Past medical history
Medical problems that do not relate to this problem
Family history
Familial illnesses as they relate
Social and environmental history
Drinking, smoking
medications and allergies
What is pathological pain
Pain resulting from low activation threshold
What is allodynia
pain from normally nonpainful stimulus
What is hyperalgesia
long and prolonged response to pain
What is Secondary hyperalgesia
referred pain
What is Nociceptive pain
evoked by noxious stimulus
What is inflammatory pain
invoked by inflammatory process
What is central sensitization
Pain into the CNS increases ability to feel pain, this can be reversed
What is reactive tendinopathy
results from acute tensile overload
short term thickening
protective response
Reduce load
What is tendon disrepair
Attempts of the tendon to heal but with greater matrix breakdown
Neuro vascularization may occur
Manage load
What is degenerative tendinopathy
Cell death and apoptosis
Progress the load to promote tendon healing
What is tissue repair
tissue has returned to normal homeostasis with complete return to cellular makeup
what is tissue regeneration
healing is complete, but the tissue is no longer the same in regards to cellular structure and makeup
tissue is no longer has the same length, width, tensile strength, compressive strength, etc.
what is stress shielding
The existence of a zone
within a tissue that receives less load
compared to surrounding areas due to the
microinjury of collagen fibers
Tendon collagen fibers
type 1, ground substance, elastin
What is a red flag
signs of serious pathology
What is an orange flag
Psychiatric symptoms
What is a yellow flag
bad beliefs
bad emotional responses
bad pain behavior
What is a blue flag
perceptions between work and health
What is a black flag
system or context obstacles
What are the three types of pain
Nociceptive
Inflammatory
Pathological
FABQ
used to screen for fear avoidance beliefs
Patient education - graded exercise - graded exposure - encourage confrontation strategy
