Exam 1 Concepts

Question 1

causation theory

Answer 1

how one thing may have caused another

Question 2

corrolation theory

Answer 2

how closely they are related

Question 3

classical school of criminology

Answer 3

focuses on the crime/ punishment should fit the crime

Question 4

positivist school

Answer 4

focuses on the criminal/ punishment should fit the criminal

Question 5

Beccaria’s theoretical contributions

Answer 5

the punishment to a crime should include certainty, severity, and swiftness

Question 6

deterrence theory

Answer 6

aim is to prevent future offenses by example to both the offenders and others

Question 7

rational choice theory

Answer 7

the factors that offenders and others consider when they are thinking about committing a crime

Question 8

routine activities theory

Answer 8

3 elements

1. motivatd offenders
2. suitable targets
3. absence of guardians

Question 9

policy implications of rational choice theory

Answer 9

policy can no longer be guided by the notion that all human behavior is the result of rational choice

Question 10

lombroso’s thoeretical contributions

Answer 10

studies criminals by the way they look

Question 11

psychopathy

Answer 11

a serious disorder linked to genetic traits producing more dangerous individuals

Question 12

sociopathy

Answer 12

refers to less dangerouspeople who are seen as products of their environment

Question 13

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 13

not psychopathic but some are

Question 14

W.E.B Dubois thoerietical contribution

Answer 14

an open rebellion of an individual against his socal environment

Question 15

Merton’s strain thoery

Answer 15

lots of social strain on a person far out of their control, they are more likely to commit crime

Question 16

social disorganization theory

Answer 16

conditions of neighborhoods affect crime

Question 17

racial inequality and crime theory

Answer 17

1. socal isolation is a critical factor for crime
2. a result of persisting racial inequality
3. cultural values codcuive to crime ithen emerege

Question 18

collective efficacay and crime theory

Answer 18

features of neighbothoods that explain crime

Question 19

differential association theory

Answer 19

criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication

Question 20

differential association theory

Answer 20

criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication

Question 21

neutralization theory

Answer 21

culturally available justifications that can provide criminal offender witht the means to disavow responsibility for their behavior

Question 22

neutralization technique

Answer 22

deny responsibility, injury and victim

Question 23

social bond/ control theory

Answer 23

a person who is tightly bonded to groups such as a family less likely to commit crimes
ex: attachment, commitment, involvement, belief

Question 24

youth gangs

Answer 24

difficulut to define juvenile groups distinct fom adult gangs that mimic adult gangs

Question 25

hybrid gangs

Answer 25

a new type of youth gang with dinstinctive characteristics that differentiate themf from traditional gangs; frequently school based, less organized, less involved to crominal activity and less involved in violence than traditiional gangs