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Crime and Society > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

infotainment

A

the marketing of edited, highly formatted info about the world in disguised entertainment media vehicles

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2
Q

moral panic

A

information blown-up by the media to scare people

usually small bit of truth blown out of proportion

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3
Q

slave patrol

A

white militia who were responsible for controlling, returning, and punishing runaway slaves

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4
Q

civil rights act of 1964

A

the act of declaring that it is illegal for businesses, hotels, restaurants, and public transportation to deny citizens service based on their race

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5
Q

Jim Crows laws (Black Codes)

A

laws passed after the civil war to overstep the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans

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6
Q

enemy combatants

A

the suspension of due process rights for accused terrorists under the enemy combatant executive order

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7
Q

criminology

A

the body of knowledge regrading crime as a social phenomenon

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8
Q

overcriminalization

A

taking an act and charging as a felony rather than a misdemeanor

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9
Q

decriminalization

A

treating something as a misdemeanor rather than a felony

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10
Q

undercriminalize

A

treating something as a smaller offense than it is

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11
Q

crime

A

commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law

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12
Q

mala in se

A

acts of crimes that are wrong in an of itself

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13
Q

mala prohibita

A

things that can be considered wrong

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14
Q

actus reus

A

the act/failing to act

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15
Q

mens rea

A

“guilty mind” or the intent of the person

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16
Q

common law

A

unwritten, simply stated laws based on traditions and common understandings in a time when most people were illiterate

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17
Q

principle of legality

A

laws must be made public before they can be enforced

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18
Q

felony

A

serious criminal conduct punishable by incarceration for more than one year

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19
Q

misdemeanor

A

les serious criminal conduct punishable by incarceration for less than a year

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20
Q

ex post facto laws

A

declares that persons cannot be punished for actions committed before the law prohibiting the law prohibiting was passed
(also prohibits the government from increasing the punishment for specific crime after the crime was committed)

21
Q

elements fo a crime

A

the illegal actions (actus reus) and criminal intentions (mens rea) of the actor along with the circumstances that link the two, especially causation

22
Q

strict liability

A

actions that are considered criminal without the criminal intent
ex. parking tickets

23
Q

inchoate offenses

A

go beyond mere thoughts but do not relsult in completed crimes

24
Q

solicitation

A

the urging, requesting, or commanding of another to commit a crime

25
Q

conspiracy

A

the planning by two or more people to commit a crime

26
Q

attempt

A

an incomplete criminal act; the closest act to the completion of a crime

27
Q

Model Penal Code

A

a set of guidlines developed in 1962 by the American Law Institute for what are considered the best practices or legal codes

28
Q

homicide

A

the killing of one human being by another

29
Q

murder

A

all intentional killings and death that occur in the course of aggravated felonies

30
Q

manslaughter

A

the killing of another without the specific intent to kill

31
Q

rape

A

sexual assault; nonconsensual sexual acts

32
Q

kidnapping

A

is the taking away of a person by force against his or her will and holding that person in false imprisonment

33
Q

robbery

A

the taking and carrying away of property from a person by force or threat of immediate use of force

34
Q

assault

A

the act of inflicting on another

35
Q

burglary

A

trespass and intent to commit a crime

36
Q

arson

A

willful and malicious burning or attempted burning or any structure including one’s own

37
Q

larceny

A

the wrongfully taking and carrying away of another’s property with the intent to permanently deprive the property’s owner of its possession

38
Q

hate crimes

A

crimes taht are motivated by hate of an ethnic group, race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation

39
Q

domestic terrorism

A

acts of terrorism committed in the United States by individuals or groups that do not have ties with or sponsorship form foreign states or organizations

40
Q

homegrown terrorism

A

another name for domestic terrorism that emphasizes that there is no foreign involvement in the violence even though homegrown terrorism may act in support of foreign causes

41
Q

lone wolf-terrorism

A

acts committed by a single individual or a single individual assisted by a small number of other people

42
Q

atavistic stigmata

A

the study of the physical traits of criminals

43
Q

nonscientific theories

A

emphasized moral weakness and evil spirits as the cause of criminality

44
Q

theory

A

a statement regarding the relationship between two or more variables

45
Q

racial hoax

A

occurs when someone fabricates a crime and blames it on a another person because of his or her race; or when an actual crime has been committed and the perpetrator falsely blames someone because of his or her race

46
Q

white collar crime

A

illegal, unethical, and harmful practices carried out within a legitimate organizational or occupational context to generate financial gain or avoid financial loss

47
Q

corporate crime

A

the specific form of white-collar crime carred out on behalf of corporations, by its executives and employees.

48
Q

occupational crime

A

the specific form of white-collar crime carried out by small business owners, professionals, and employees for their own benefit

Crime and Society (5 decks)

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