Exam 1

Question 1

infotainment

Answer 1

the marketing of edited, highly formatted info about the world in disguised entertainment media vehicles

Question 2

moral panic

Answer 2

information blown-up by the media to scare people

usually small bit of truth blown out of proportion

Question 3

slave patrol

Answer 3

white militia who were responsible for controlling, returning, and punishing runaway slaves

Question 4

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 4

the act of declaring that it is illegal for businesses, hotels, restaurants, and public transportation to deny citizens service based on their race

Question 5

Jim Crows laws (Black Codes)

Answer 5

laws passed after the civil war to overstep the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans

Question 6

enemy combatants

Answer 6

the suspension of due process rights for accused terrorists under the enemy combatant executive order

Question 7

criminology

Answer 7

the body of knowledge regrading crime as a social phenomenon

Question 8

overcriminalization

Answer 8

taking an act and charging as a felony rather than a misdemeanor

Question 9

decriminalization

Answer 9

treating something as a misdemeanor rather than a felony

Question 10

undercriminalize

Answer 10

treating something as a smaller offense than it is

Question 11

crime

Answer 11

commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law

Question 12

mala in se

Answer 12

acts of crimes that are wrong in an of itself

Question 13

mala prohibita

Answer 13

things that can be considered wrong

Question 14

actus reus

Answer 14

the act/failing to act

Question 15

mens rea

Answer 15

“guilty mind” or the intent of the person

Question 16

common law

Answer 16

unwritten, simply stated laws based on traditions and common understandings in a time when most people were illiterate

Question 17

principle of legality

Answer 17

laws must be made public before they can be enforced

Question 18

felony

Answer 18

serious criminal conduct punishable by incarceration for more than one year

Question 19

misdemeanor

Answer 19

les serious criminal conduct punishable by incarceration for less than a year

Question 20

ex post facto laws

Answer 20

declares that persons cannot be punished for actions committed before the law prohibiting the law prohibiting was passed
(also prohibits the government from increasing the punishment for specific crime after the crime was committed)

Question 21

elements fo a crime

Answer 21

the illegal actions (actus reus) and criminal intentions (mens rea) of the actor along with the circumstances that link the two, especially causation

Question 22

strict liability

Answer 22

actions that are considered criminal without the criminal intent
ex. parking tickets

Question 23

inchoate offenses

Answer 23

go beyond mere thoughts but do not relsult in completed crimes

Question 24

solicitation

Answer 24

the urging, requesting, or commanding of another to commit a crime

Question 25

conspiracy

Answer 25

the planning by two or more people to commit a crime

Question 26

attempt

Answer 26

an incomplete criminal act; the closest act to the completion of a crime

Question 27

Model Penal Code

Answer 27

a set of guidlines developed in 1962 by the American Law Institute for what are considered the best practices or legal codes

Question 28

homicide

Answer 28

the killing of one human being by another

Question 29

murder

Answer 29

all intentional killings and death that occur in the course of aggravated felonies

Question 30

manslaughter

Answer 30

the killing of another without the specific intent to kill

Question 31

rape

Answer 31

sexual assault; nonconsensual sexual acts

Question 32

kidnapping

Answer 32

is the taking away of a person by force against his or her will and holding that person in false imprisonment

Question 33

robbery

Answer 33

the taking and carrying away of property from a person by force or threat of immediate use of force

Question 34

assault

Answer 34

the act of inflicting on another

Question 35

burglary

Answer 35

trespass and intent to commit a crime

Question 36

arson

Answer 36

willful and malicious burning or attempted burning or any structure including one's own

Question 37

larceny

Answer 37

the wrongfully taking and carrying away of another's property with the intent to permanently deprive the property's owner of its possession

Question 38

hate crimes

Answer 38

crimes taht are motivated by hate of an ethnic group, race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation

Question 39

domestic terrorism

Answer 39

acts of terrorism committed in the United States by individuals or groups that do not have ties with or sponsorship form foreign states or organizations

Question 40

homegrown terrorism

Answer 40

another name for domestic terrorism that emphasizes that there is no foreign involvement in the violence even though homegrown terrorism may act in support of foreign causes

Question 41

lone wolf-terrorism

Answer 41

acts committed by a single individual or a single individual assisted by a small number of other people

Question 42

atavistic stigmata

Answer 42

the study of the physical traits of criminals

Question 43

nonscientific theories

Answer 43

emphasized moral weakness and evil spirits as the cause of criminality

Question 44

theory

Answer 44

a statement regarding the relationship between two or more variables

Question 45

racial hoax

Answer 45

occurs when someone fabricates a crime and blames it on a another person because of his or her race; or when an actual crime has been committed and the perpetrator falsely blames someone because of his or her race

Question 46

white collar crime

Answer 46

illegal, unethical, and harmful practices carried out within a legitimate organizational or occupational context to generate financial gain or avoid financial loss

Question 47

corporate crime

Answer 47

the specific form of white-collar crime carred out on behalf of corporations, by its executives and employees.

Question 48

occupational crime

Answer 48

the specific form of white-collar crime carried out by small business owners, professionals, and employees for their own benefit