exam 1 cog-book questions Flashcards
Which of the following is not necessarily one of the key qualities of life?
a. Able to reproduce
b. Capacity to maintain homeostasis
c. Utilizes RNA for hereditary information
d. Able to evolve
C
Which of the following were produced in the famous Miller-Urey experiment?
a. A range of amino acids
b. DNA
c. Phospholipid bi-layer
d. RNA
A
Which type of nucleic acid has the capacity to act as a form of hereditary information storage and as a catalyst (molecular machine)?
a. DNA
b. Polypeptide chains
c. Lipid bi-layers
d. RNA
D
Scientist and writer Richard Dawkins compares the workings of natural selection to create the appearance of design in living creatures to a:
a. Omnipotent designer
b. Blind watchmaker
c. Team of engineers
d. Supernatural influence
B
Professor Sidney Altman was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery that RNA could function as a:
a. Storage molecule for heredity
b. Template for the construction of antibodies
c. Catalyst for the creation of other complex molecules
d. The origin of DNA
C
Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Which of the following statements is true of a neutral magnesium atom?
a. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and six neutrons.
b. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons.
c. It has six protons, six electrons, and no neutrons.
d. It has six protons, six electrons, and six neutrons.
B
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?
a. Covalent bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Hydrogen bond
d. Polar covalent bond
C
An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?
Yes, that’s correct!
a. 11
b. 12
c. 22
d. 24
A
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Water is polar.
b. Water stabilizes temperature.
c. Water is essential for life.
d. Water is the most abundant atom in Earth’s atmosphere
D
Using a pH meter, you find the pH of an unknown solution to be 8.0. How would you describe this solution?
a. Weakly acidic
b. Strongly acidic
c. Weakly basic
d. Strongly basic
C
The pH of lemon juice is about 2.0, whereas tomato juice’s pH is about 4.0. Approximately how much of an increase in hydrogen ion concentration is there between tomato juice and lemon juice?
a. 2 times
b. 10 times
c. 100 times
d. 1000 times
C
List which of the following is an Example of a Monosaccharide?
a. Fructose
b. Glucose
c. Galactose
d. a,b and c
D
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. lipids
d. polysaccharides
D
Phospholipids are important components of __________.
a. the plasma membrane of cells
b. the ring structure of steroids
c. the waxy covering on leaves
d. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
A
The monomers that make up proteins are called _________.
a. nucleotides
b. disaccharides
c. amino acids
d. chaperones
C
What type of chemical bond is important for stabilizing alpha-helix or Beta-sheets between backbone atoms of amino acids in close proximity to one another?
a. Ionic bonds
b. Van der Waal Forces
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Covalent bonds
C
If a protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals this may result in:
a. Dimerization
b. Denaturation
c. Saturation
d. Helical formation
B
Which kind of macromolecule can form micelles in an aqueous (watery) environment?
a. Amino acids
b. Amino acids
c. Nucleic acids
d. Lipids
D
Which of the following macromolecules is most likely to contain uracil?
a. Proteins
b. Nucleic acid: DNA
c. Nucleic acid: RNA
d. Lipids
C
Which of the following macromolecules is most likely to form into a double helix?
a. Proteins
b. Nucleic acid: DNA
c. Nucleic acid: RNA
d. Lipids
B
Which of these macromolecules is most important for the formation of the cell membrane?
a. Proteins
b. Nucleic Acids: DNA
c. Nucleic Acids: RNA
d. Lipids
D
Which of these macromolecules was possibly the original molecule of heredity?
a. Proteins
b. Nucleic Acids: DNA
c. Nucleic Acids: RNA
d. Lipids
C
In a particular system, what kind of energy is considered available to do work? Which of the following is correct?
a. Entropy
b. Gibbs energy
c. Willard energy
d. Kinetic energy
B
Which of the following molecules is most likely to have the greatest potential energy?
a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. ATP
d. ADP
B
Which of the following would most likely be used as a long-term form of energy storage in cells?
a. ATP
b. Glucose
c. Lipids
d. Both B and C
D
During what phase of glycolysis is there a payoff (in terms of producing ATP)
a. The first half
b. The second half
B
How many ATP’s are produced directly during the citric acid cycle?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
D
What four-carbon molecule is recycled at the conclusion of the citric acid cycle?
a. NADH
b. ATP
c. Oxaloacetate
d. Acetyl CoA
C
Chemiosmosis, the production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation, involves the movement of which kind of ions across the mitochondrial membrane?
a. Na+
b. Ca2+
c. H+, hydrogen ions
d. Uncharged hydrogen atoms
C
When there is adequate ATP present in the cell, extra glucose will be…
a. Burnt as additional fuel to warm the organism
b. Converted into glycogen for storage in the muscles and liver
c. Converted directly into additional ATP
d. Restored into a storage state as sucrose
B
Which of the following is probably the best description of most inhabitants’ interactions in the SCOBY ( in Kombucha or vinegar production)? (pick 2)
a. Symbiotic
b. Parasitic
c. Cooperative
d. Competitive
A, C
