Exam 1 - Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is it called when an epidemiologist writes a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, from cause to plans, for prevention in the future?
Descriptive epidemiology
When would the wheel model of epidemiology be more helpful than the epidemiological triangle model?
When there are multiple causes for chronic disease
Why is it so important to discover all the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons?
Find variables susceptible to prevention or early interventions
What is the advantage of the web of causation model in comparison with the epidemiological triangle model?
web of causation shows relationships among variables
The textbook summarizes a research study of sexually transmitted infections among young adults. What was determined to be a major variable in exposure to infection?
Environment in which the young adults lived
A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were current in the community. What should the nurse do before determining what interventions should be planned?
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. What would be most helpful for local media to report to keep citizens informed?
Ongoing incidence rate
In trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, what rate should be carefully observed?
Incidence rate
A newspaper published an article about the athletic banquet at the local high school that had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650 persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and cramping. What is the attack rate?
650:1000
In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate?
As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate
What level of prevention does a screening examination, required for each school athlete before being active in school sports, represent?
Secondary prevention
What disease would be the best choice for screening if any of the following were possible?
Disease B, which can be controlled if caught early in the disease process
One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested that they might have a serious health problem. How can you reassure these scared women so they will come in for follow-up testing and treatment?
Point out that screening is only suggestive and that not all positive screenings mean they actually have the health problem.
What is the best way to increase the positive predictive value of a screening test?
Test a group at high risk for the health problem
Healthy People 2020 establishes goals for improving the health of all Americans. What is most necessary to determine whether Americans’ health is improving?
Comprehensive and systematically collected surveillance data on the health status of various population groups
