Exam 1 - Chapter 4 - Part 1 Flashcards
3 important types of sensory information
proprioception
exproprioception
exteroception
proprioception
information about the movement of body parts relative to each other
expropriocepetion
position of the body and its various parts relative to the surrounding environment
exteroception
visual layout and relative position of objects in space
structure of the eye
all parts of the eye
cornea
the clear front window of the eye. The cornea transmits and focuses light into the eye.
pupil
the dark center in the middle of the iris. The pupil determines how much light is let into the eye. It changes sizes to accommodate for the amount of light that is available
lens
the transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina
retina
the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye. The retina senses light and creates impulses that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain
rod
concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision
cones
A type of specialized light-sensitive cell (photoreceptor) in the retina of the eye that provides color vision and sharp central vision
transmission of visual information to the brain
Electrical impulses leave the eye via the optic nerve
Optic tracts arise from optic nerves
-Relays impulses to the thalamus
Partial crossing at optic chiasm
- Allows three dimensional viewing
- Binocular viewing
optic nerve
each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye
optic chiasm
the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other
lateral geniculate nucleus
a relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway. It receives a major sensory input from the retina
primary cortex
a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe
superior colliculus
a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain
vestibular-occular reflex-VOR
functions to stabilize images on the retinas (in yoked vision) during head movement by producing eye movements in the direction opposite to head movement
optokinetic reflex-OKR
a combination of a saccade and smooth pursuit eye movements. It is seen when an individual follows a moving object with their eyes
saccades
a rapid movement of the eye between fixation points
