Exam 1 - Chapter 3 Flashcards
What drugs mimic the effects of neurotransmitters naturally found in the human brain by binding to and stimulating the receptor cite?
Agonist (Contender)
What drugs block the neurotransmitters thereby obstructing the neurotransmitters action?
Antagonist (Opponent)
What do neurons do?
- Respond to stimuli
- Conduct electrical impulses
- Release chemicals (neurotransmitters)
Presynaptic neuron –> synapse –> ?
Postsynaptic neuron
What is a chemical substance that functions as a neurological messenger?
neurotransmitter
What are the types of neurotransmitters?
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Glutamate
- y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- Neuropeptides
- Acetylcholine
What is pharmacodynamics?
- What drugs do and how they do it
- Drug action and drug response
What is pharmacokinetics? (hint ADME)
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What is pharmacogenetics?
Effects of genetic variation on drug expression
What are located on the neuron surface?
Receptors
A junction between two nerve cells consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter is what?
Synapses
When neurotransmitters are taken back into presynaptic cell by which they were originally released is called what?
Cellular Re-uptake (either reused or destroyed)
Why do MAOIs and TCAs need to be prescribed with caution?
?
What are classes of anti anxiety and hypnotic drugs?
- Benzodiazepines
- Short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents (Z-hypnotics)
- Melatonin receptor agonists
- Antidepressants
Antidepressants have also been proven to be effective in treating what type of disorders?
Anxiety
What categories of antidepressants are there?
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitors (SPARI)
- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
- Norepinephrine and serotonin-specific antidepressants
- Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor
- Tryciclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- MAOIs
What types of drugs are used as mood stabilizers?
- Lithium
- Anticonvulsant drugs
What types of antipsychotic drugs are there?
- First-generation, conventional, typical of standard antipsychotic drugs
- Strong antagonists (blocking agents)
What types of first-generation (conventional) antipsychotic drugs are there?
-Antagonists of muscarinic receptors
What are significant side effects of first generation antipsychotic drugs are there?
- Weight gain
- Sedation
Do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) ?
Yes
Do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs target both the negative and positive symptoms?
Yes
Are second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs predominantly D2 (dopamine) and 5-HT2A (serotonin) antagonists (blockers) ?
Yes
Are second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs often chosen as the first-line treatment?
Yes
What types of drugs are used for Alzheimer’s disease?
- Cholinesterase inhibitors (slow the destruction of acetylcholine)
- Glutamate-blocking agent
What are major concerns with herbal medications?
- Potential long term effects (nerve, liver, kidney damage)
- Possibility of adverse chemical reactions (w/ other substances/conventional meds)
