Exam 1 - Chapter 3

Question 1

What drugs mimic the effects of neurotransmitters naturally found in the human brain by binding to and stimulating the receptor cite?

Answer 1

Agonist (Contender)

Question 2

What drugs block the neurotransmitters thereby obstructing the neurotransmitters action?

Answer 2

Antagonist (Opponent)

Question 3

What do neurons do?

Answer 3

• Respond to stimuli
• Conduct electrical impulses
• Release chemicals (neurotransmitters)

Question 4

Presynaptic neuron –> synapse –> ?

Answer 4

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 5

What is a chemical substance that functions as a neurological messenger?

Answer 5

neurotransmitter

Question 6

What are the types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 6

• Norepinephrine
• Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Glutamate
• y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• Neuropeptides
• Acetylcholine

Question 7

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 7

• What drugs do and how they do it

- Drug action and drug response

Question 8

What is pharmacokinetics? (hint ADME)

Answer 8

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

Question 9

What is pharmacogenetics?

Answer 9

Effects of genetic variation on drug expression

Question 10

What are located on the neuron surface?

Answer 10

Receptors

Question 11

A junction between two nerve cells consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter is what?

Answer 11

Synapses

Question 12

When neurotransmitters are taken back into presynaptic cell by which they were originally released is called what?

Answer 12

Cellular Re-uptake (either reused or destroyed)

Question 13

Why do MAOIs and TCAs need to be prescribed with caution?

Answer 13

?

Question 14

What are classes of anti anxiety and hypnotic drugs?

Answer 14

• Benzodiazepines
• Short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents (Z-hypnotics)
• Melatonin receptor agonists
• Antidepressants

Question 15

Antidepressants have also been proven to be effective in treating what type of disorders?

Answer 15

Anxiety

Question 16

What categories of antidepressants are there?

Answer 16

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitors (SPARI)
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
• Norepinephrine and serotonin-specific antidepressants
• Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor
• Tryciclic antidepressants (TCAs)
• MAOIs

Question 17

What types of drugs are used as mood stabilizers?

Answer 17

• Lithium

- Anticonvulsant drugs

Question 18

What types of antipsychotic drugs are there?

Answer 18

• First-generation, conventional, typical of standard antipsychotic drugs
• Strong antagonists (blocking agents)

Question 19

What types of first-generation (conventional) antipsychotic drugs are there?

Answer 19

-Antagonists of muscarinic receptors

Question 20

What are significant side effects of first generation antipsychotic drugs are there?

Answer 20

• Weight gain

- Sedation

Question 21

Do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) ?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs target both the negative and positive symptoms?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Are second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs predominantly D2 (dopamine) and 5-HT2A (serotonin) antagonists (blockers) ?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Are second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs often chosen as the first-line treatment?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What types of drugs are used for Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 25

• Cholinesterase inhibitors (slow the destruction of acetylcholine)
• Glutamate-blocking agent

Question 26

What are major concerns with herbal medications?

Answer 26

• Potential long term effects (nerve, liver, kidney damage)

- Possibility of adverse chemical reactions (w/ other substances/conventional meds)