Exam 1: Chapter 10 Flashcards
Pre embryonic
fertilization through 2nd week
Embryonic
end of 2nd week through 8th week
fetal
end of the 8th week through birth
Average length of pregnancy
280 days from the first day of the LMP
Viability
capability of fetus to survive outside of the uterus
Amniotic fluid characteristics
98% water and 2% organic matter
Organic matter: albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin,
lecithin, sphingomyelin, epithelial cells, vernix and lanugo
Dynamic, constantly changing
Amniotic fluid: Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios (<500 mL, too little) uteroplacental insufficiency and renal abnormalities
Amniotic fluid: Hydramnios
Hydramnios (>2,000 mL, too much) associated with maternal diabetes, neural tube defects, chromosomal deviation, malformations of the CNS, GI alterations
Functions of amniotic fluid
§ Helps maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus
§ Permits symmetric growth and development
§ Cushions the fetus from trauma
§ Allow the umbilical cord to be relatively free of compression
§ Promotes fetal movement to enhance musculoskeletal
development
Down syndrome
Abnormality of chromosome number—trisomy21
§ Reasons
* 3 copies of chromosome 21
* Cells with an extra copy chromosome 21
* Translocation of chromosomes 21
§ Can be seen with a fetal nuchal translucency test—ultrasound
* When increased nuchal thickness is found
* Karyotyping can be done
Main characteristics
§ Hyper flexibility
§ Small feet and hands
§ Muscle hypotonia
§ Short neck
§ Almond shaped eyes that slant upward § Ulnar loop on the second digit
§ Short stature
Tay Sachs
Inherited disorder
§ Due to mutations
§ Insufficient activity of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, necessary for the breakdown of fatty substances in the brain
* Result: damage to nerve cells
o Autosomal recessive inheritance receive the gene from both parents
and both parents are carriers
IgG
onlyimmunoglobulinthatcrossestheplacenta—providespassive
acquired immunity to specific bacterial toxins
§ Production quickens when IgM responds (rid the problem)
§ Most common immunoglobulin
IgM
Fetus produced
Largest antibody
Starts the healing and recovery process -> First to respond
IgA
does not cross the placenta but are produced in large amounts in the colostrum
Lining of the respiratory tract and digestive tract
saliva, tears
breast milk
IgE
allergens and infection from a parasite
