Exam 1: Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of the mind, brain and body

Question 2

Levels of Analysis

Answer 2

rungs on a ladder of analysis with low levels linked to biology and high levels link to social causes

Question 3

Multiply Determined

Answer 3

behavior is produced by many factors

Question 4

Individually Differences

Answer 4

difference people respond uniquly to situations

Question 5

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 5

mutually influence other behaviors

Question 6

Naive Realism

Answer 6

the world is exactly how it appears

Question 7

Science

Answer 7

approach to evidence

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Question 9

Scientific Theory

Answer 9

an explanation for natural phenomena

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

a testable prediction

Question 11

Conformation Bias

Answer 11

the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs

Question 12

Metaphysical Claims

Answer 12

assertions about the world we can’t test

Question 13

Pseudoscience

Answer 13

set of claims that seem scientific but isn’t

Question 14

Ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

Answer 14

loophole used to protect a theory from falsification`

Question 15

Patternicity

Answer 15

the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli

Question 16

Terror Management Theory

Answer 16

awareness of our own death

Question 17

Emotional Reasoning Fallacy

Answer 17

error of using our emotions as guides to evaluating the claim

Question 18

Bandwagon Fallacy

Answer 18

assuming a claim is correct because a lot of people believe it

Question 19

Not Me Fallacy

Answer 19

immune from errors in thinking

Question 20

Bias Blind spot

Answer 20

people are unaware of their biases but aware of others

Question 21

Scientific Skepticism

Answer 21

evaluates claims with open mind and requires evidence

Question 22

Critical Thinking

Answer 22

set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded and careful fashion

Question 23

Correlation and Causation Fallacy

Answer 23

Correlation can not imply causation

Question 24

Occam’s Razor

Answer 24

over complicating explanations for simple phenomena

Question 25

Falsability

Answer 25

If a claim can be disproved

Question 26

Replicability

Answer 26

findings can be duplicated constantly

Question 27

Decline Effect

Answer 27

the fact that the size of certain psychological findings appears to be shrinking over time

Question 28

Introspection

Answer 28

observers to reflect and report on their mental experiences

Question 29

Structuralism

Answer 29

identify the basic elements of psychological experiences by Titchener

Question 30

Functionalism

Answer 30

understand the thoughts and feelings and behaviors, William James

Question 31

Natural Selection

Answer 31

Evolution of characteristics due to increased survival and reproduction

Question 32

Behaviorism

Answer 32

John B Watson: general principles of underlying human and animal behaviors

Question 33

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 33

Thinking affect behavior

Question 34

Cognitive Neurosciences

Answer 34

relation between brain functioning and thinking

Question 35

Psychoanalysis

Answer 35

Sigmund Freud: internal psychological processes

Question 36

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 36

Is behavior caused by society or birth

Question 37

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 37

applies natural election to human and animal behavior.

Question 38

Fitness

Answer 38

extent to which traits increases the rate of survival and reproduction

Question 39

Free-Will/Determinism Debate

Answer 39

Is behavior controlled or do we he free will?

Question 40

Basic Research

Answer 40

how the mind works

Question 41

Applied Research

Answer 41

basic research to solve real world problems