Exam 1: Ch 8 - Acidosis/Alkalosis Flashcards
metabolic acidosis
low pH b/c of low bicarb (increased MV to decrease CO2 by overbreathing)
causes of metabolic acidosis
increased production of metabolic acids (keto/lactic acidosis), which increases anion gap
diarrhea (bicarb loss)
acid ingestion (ASA)
poisoning with ethylene glycol or methanol
kidney disease
symptoms of metabolic acidosis
Kussmaul breathing
weakness and fatigue
decreased cardiac function when pH reaches ~7.1
treatment of metabolic acidosis
correct cause
NaHCO3 may be useful
respiratory acidosis
low pH because increased CO2 (increased bicarb to compensate)
causes of respiratory acidosis
low minute volume: chronic in COPD (bicarb also elevated), acute in narcotic OD and neuromuscular disease (bicarb normal)
inc. CO2 production (fever, sepsis, burns)
symptoms of respiratory acidosis
depends on cause
hypoxia
neuro: headache, blurred vision
coma b/c CO2 narcosis
treatment of respiratory acidosis
improve ventilation
metabolic alkalosis
high pH b/c high bicard (decreased MV to increase CO2 to compensate)
causes of metabolic alkalosis
excessive intake of antacids
loss of H+ from vomiting or NG suction
ECF loss (low GFR and RAA system activation –> sodium and bicarb retention)
symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
hypoventilation
excitability
asymtomatic
treatment of metabolic alkalosis
fix underlying cause
correct fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
respiratory alkalosis
pH is high b/c low CO2 (lower bicarb to compensate)
causes of respiratory alkalosis
high MV: central or peripheral stimulation
mechanical ventilation
anxiety
pain
symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
low brain blood flow –> dizziness
tetany b/c increased Ca binding to protein
