Exam 1 CH 36 Fluorides Flashcards
Pts who need fluoride?
- Active caries
- Recurrent caries, around restorations (breaking down)
- Ortho brackets
- Xerostomia
- Pt’s using chemo therapy/ head/neck radiation
- Pt’s w/ eating disorders
- Pts w/ poor OH
- Pts w/ exposed root surfaces
Provides the most effective method for dental caries prevention and control?
Fluoride
The way of circulation to developing teeth (preeruptive exposure)?
Systemically
Applied directly to the exposed surfaces of erupted teeth (Posteruptive exposure) ?
Topically
T/F Maximum caries inhibiting effect occurs when there is systemic exposure before tooth eruption and frequent topical fluoride exposure throughout life
True
Most fluoride is absorbed within how many minutes of ingestion?
60
Most fluoride is excreted through the?
Kidneys
T/F Fluoridation has been established as the most efficient, effective, reliable and inexpensive means for improving and maintaining oral health
True
T/F In 2015, The US Department of Health & Human Serivces updated the recommendation for the optimal concentration of water fluoridation to 0.7 ppm for all communities
True
Halo/Diffusion Effect
Foods and beverages that are commercially processed in optimally fluoridated cities can be distributed and consumed in nonfluoridated communities. This halo or diffusion effect can result in increased fluoride intake by individuals living in nonfluoridated communities providing them some protection against dental caries
T/F Bottled water usually does not contain optimal fluoride unless it has a label indicating that is fluoridated
True
ppm in colder areas?
1.2 ppm
ppm in warmer areas?
0.7 ppm
ppm means?
parts per million
ppm for temperate climates?
1 ppm
optimal fluoride concentration is ____ppm used for municipal water supplies to prevent dental caries?
0.7-12
Most common fluoride used for pts w/ regular recall intervals?
2.0% NaF
2.0% NaF is what?
Neutral Sodium Fluoride, neural pH of 7.0
Fluoride of choice for dentin hypersensitivity?
5% Neutral Sodium NaF Varnish
Which fluoride can be used a cavity liner?
5% Neutral Sodium NaF Varnish
Choice of FL2 for children?
5% Neutral Sodium NaF Varnish
T/F Fl2 varnishes are safe, effective, fast and easy to apply, and pt acceptance is good
True
T/F Varnish has a higher concentration of FL2 than gel/form but over all less amount due to thin layer painted on
True
Low pH of 3.5 enhances FL2 uptake?
1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride APF
FL2 recommended for pt’s at a high risk for caries?
1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride APF
Which FL2 etches porcelain, composite restorative material, and sealants?
1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride APF
5% NaF has what added with it?
tricalcium phosphate
Lethal does of FL2 taken at one time for adult and children?
5-10 g of NaF (adult)
0.5-1.0 g (children)
What can be administer for emergency treatment of FL@ intake if pt is not vomiting?
- Milk
- Lime Water
- Milk of magnesium
APF stands for?
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
A group of minerals of the general formula Ca10 (PO4) X2 wherein the X might include hydroxyl (OH), carbonat (CO), fluoride (F) or oxygen (O) crystalline mineral component o hard tissue (bones and teeth)
Apatite
Breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus?
Demineralization
Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (permanent and primary dentition, respectively?
DMFT/dmft
The form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions have replaced some of the hydroxyl ions; with fluoride, the apatite is less soluble and therefore more resistant to the acids formed from carbohydrate intake?
Fluorapatite
Form of enamel hypomineralization due to excessive of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth; depending on the length of exposure and the concentration of the FL2; the fluorosed area may appear as a small white spot or as severe brown staining with pitting?
Fluorosis
NaF stands for?
Neutral Sodium Fluoride
Occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a nonfluoridated community?
Halo or diffusion effect
Measure used to designate the amount of FL2 used for optium level in FL2 water, dentifrice and other FL2 containing preparations
ppm
SnF2 Stands for?
Stannous Fluoride
Restoration of mineral elements in a tooth surface; enhanced by the presence of FL2; remineralized lesions are more resistant to initiation of dental caries than is normal tooth structure?
Remineralization
T/F Acute Fluoride poisoning is rare
True
Symptoms usually begins within how many minutes of ingestion of acute toxic dose?
30 mins
T/F 99% of the fl2 in the body is located in the mineralized tissues (teeth/bones)
True
T/F fl2 is distributed by the plasma to all tissues and organs
True
In utero, hard tissue formation occurs during the?
2nd trimester
Results in the development of shallower occlusal grooves, reducing the rick of pit and fissure caries is because of the?
Pre-eruptive
Excessive fl2 during enamel formation and tooth development results in ?
Dental fluorosis, the enamel is hypomineralized
Action of fl2 is?
- Inhibits demineralization
- Enhance remineralization of incipient lesions
- Works as a desenitivation
- Inhibits bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase to metabolize carbs
- Inhibits erosion
Most fl2 is asborbed in the?
Stomach as hydrogen fl2
Signs and symptoms of acute toxic dose?
- Nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- increased salivation
- thirst
Refers to rapid intake of an excess dose over a short time?
Acute Toxicity
Applies to long term ingestion of the fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic levels?
Chronic toxicity
T/F Accidental ingestion of a concentrated fluoride preparation can lead to a toxic reaction
True
Systemic involvements of ingested fluoride?
- blood; hypocalcemia
- CNS; hyperreflexia, convulsions, parathesis
- cardiac failure, respiratory paralysis
Chronic toxicity can lead to?
Skeletal fluorosis; stiff/painful joints and becoming crippling in later stage
5% NaF remains in teeth for number of hours releasing fl2 into what areas?
Pits and fissures
Interproximal/cervical areas…where it is needed the most
Which fl2 reduces demineralization in white areas around orthodox brackets?
5% NaF
