Exam 1 Ch 3 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
What does the acronym ADME stand for?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
Define absorption
Drug reach systemic circulation PO- orally IM- intramuscularly Transdermal patch Etc
Define distribution
Drug enter vascular system from the bloodstream into various tissues and organs
Define metabolism
Chemical conversion of the drug molecule to another chemical entity referred to as a metabolite
Ex. Liver enzymes
Define excretion
Irreversible removal of drug from the body
Ex. Kidney
what is therapeutic range?
approximation of the average drug concentration that is safe and effective for most people
what is pharmacodynamics?
what the drug does to the body
what assess the drug levels?
therapeutic drug monitoring
what is pharmacokinetics?
what your body does to the drug
what are the 4 concepts of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
what is absorption?
how the drug and the amount of the drug that reaches systemic circulation
how does extravascular drug administration effect the absorption?
it effects the rate and amount of the drug absorbed
what is the primary effect of oral administration?
systemic
which of these is a local extrvascular administration routes
a) subcutaneous
b) oral
c) transdermal
d) intranasal
d) intranasal
What does it mean to ‘consider a special population’ when it comes to therapeutic drug monitoring?
Drugs affect different people different ways, for example, pregnant patients move drugs quicker while an elderly patient has slower renal and hepatic function so they would require a smaller dosage
What is the drawback of immediate release?
drug is lost/destroyed via hydrolysis in the gut making it less available for absorption
The E in ADME stands for what?
Excretion!!!
Elimination is metabolism AND excretion
The liver is most often responsible for drug metabolism. What enzymes are responsible for majority of drug oxidative metabolism?
Cytochrome P-450 enzymes
What are the normal renal clearance values for males and females?
males: 0.7-1.2 mg/dL
female: 0.6-1.1 mg/dL
What is the renal clearance value for chronic renal failure?
> 3.0 mg/dL
