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Bio243 > Exam 1 - Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of body parts and their relationship to each other

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The function of the body; how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

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3
Q

Integumentary System

A

encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors; includes hair, skin, and nails

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4
Q

Muscular System

A

enables movement, helps maintain body temperature, includes skeletal muscles and tendons

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5
Q

Endocrine System

A

secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes; includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries

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6
Q

Skeletal system

A

supports the body, enables movement; includes cartilage, bones, and joints

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7
Q

nervous system

A

detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses; includes brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

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8
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperate in the body; includes heart and blood vessels

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9
Q

lymphatic system

A

returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens; includes thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

digestive system

A

processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food; includes the stomach, live, gallbladder, large intestine and small intestine

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11
Q

male reproductive system

A

produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female; includes epididymis and testes

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12
Q

female reproductive system

A

produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant; includes mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus

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13
Q

urinary system

A

controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from the blood and excretes them; includes kidneys and urinary bladder

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14
Q

respiratory system

A

removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood; includes nasal passage, trachea, and lungs

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15
Q

greek anatomy

A

to cut apart

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16
Q

gross anatomy

A

regional, systemic, surface, microscopic, developmental

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17
Q

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy: gives an image of the body’s architecture
VS
Physiology: reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings

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17
Q

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy: gives an image of the body’s architecture
VS
Physiology: reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings

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18
Q

Physiology often focuses on events at the ______ or ______ level

A

cellular or molecular

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19
Q

What is the body organization?

A

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

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20
Q

Atom

A

tiny building blocks of matter

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21
Q

Molecule

A

atoms joined together

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22
Q

organelles

A

basic components of cells

23
Q

cells

A

smallest units of living things

24
Q

tissues

A

groups of cells with a common function

25
Q

organs

A

a structure composes of at least 2 tissue groups

26
Q

organ system

A

groups of organs working together

27
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of living things?

A

Maintain boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

28
Q

MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES definition

A

the ability to keep the internal and external environments separate

29
Q

MOVEMENT definition

A

activities promotes by the muscular system

30
Q

RESPONSIVENESS definition

A

the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

31
Q

DIGESTION definition

A

the breaking down of ingested foodstuff to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all of the body’s cells

32
Q

METABOLISM definition

A

chemical reactions that occur within body cells

33
Q

CATABOLISM definition

A

breaking down substances to their simpler building blocks

34
Q

ANABOLISM definition

A

building more complex structures from simple substances

35
Q

EXCRETION definition

A

the process of removing waste from the body

36
Q

REPRODUCTION definition

A

occurs at the cellular and organismal level (mitosis and meiosis)

37
Q

GROWTH definition

A

an increase in size of a body part of entire organism

38
Q

HOMEOSTASIS definition

A

the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

39
Q

What are the 3 components working together to achieve homeostasis?

A

Receptor, control center, and effector

40
Q

Receptor

A

a sensory that monitors the environment and responses to changes

41
Q

Control center

A

receives input from the receptor and determines the set point

42
Q

effector

A

provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus

43
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

comprises most homeostatic control mechanisms, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces the intensity

44
Q

What are the steps in the negative feedback loop?

A

stimulus
sensor
control
effector
back to stimulus

45
Q

positive feedback loop

A

the response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerate
(labor)

46
Q

what is included in the DORAL CAVITY ?

A
  1. Cranial Cavity
  2. Vertebral Cavity
47
Q

what is included in the VENTRAL CAVITY?

A
  1. Thoracic Cavity
  2. Abdominopelvic Cavity
48
Q

what is included in the THORACIC CAVITY?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Lungs
  3. Major blood vessels of the heart
49
Q

what is included in the MEDIASTINUM?

A
  1. thymus gland
  2. Major heart vessels
50
Q

what is included in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY?

A
  1. stomach
  2. liver
  3. gallbladder
  4. pancreas
  5. small intestine
  6. kidneys
  7. part of large intestine
51
Q

what is included in PELVIC CAVITY?

A
  1. reproductive organs
  2. urinary bladder
  3. part of large intestine
52
Q

Serous membranes

A

line the inside walls of the ventral cavities (also cover visceral organs)

53
Q

parietal layer

A

attaches to cavity wall

54
Q

visceral layer

A

adheres to organ

Bio243 (3 decks)

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