Exam 1 - Ch. 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Structure of body parts and their relationship to each other
Physiology
The function of the body; how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Integumentary System
encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors; includes hair, skin, and nails
Muscular System
enables movement, helps maintain body temperature, includes skeletal muscles and tendons
Endocrine System
secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes; includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries
Skeletal system
supports the body, enables movement; includes cartilage, bones, and joints
nervous system
detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses; includes brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperate in the body; includes heart and blood vessels
lymphatic system
returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens; includes thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels
digestive system
processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food; includes the stomach, live, gallbladder, large intestine and small intestine
male reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female; includes epididymis and testes
female reproductive system
produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant; includes mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus
urinary system
controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from the blood and excretes them; includes kidneys and urinary bladder
respiratory system
removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood; includes nasal passage, trachea, and lungs
greek anatomy
to cut apart
gross anatomy
regional, systemic, surface, microscopic, developmental
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy: gives an image of the body’s architecture
VS
Physiology: reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy: gives an image of the body’s architecture
VS
Physiology: reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings
Physiology often focuses on events at the ______ or ______ level
cellular or molecular
What is the body organization?
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Atom
tiny building blocks of matter
Molecule
atoms joined together
organelles
basic components of cells
cells
smallest units of living things
tissues
groups of cells with a common function
organs
a structure composes of at least 2 tissue groups
organ system
groups of organs working together
What are the 8 characteristics of living things?
Maintain boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES definition
the ability to keep the internal and external environments separate
MOVEMENT definition
activities promotes by the muscular system
RESPONSIVENESS definition
the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them
DIGESTION definition
the breaking down of ingested foodstuff to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all of the body’s cells
METABOLISM definition
chemical reactions that occur within body cells
CATABOLISM definition
breaking down substances to their simpler building blocks
ANABOLISM definition
building more complex structures from simple substances
EXCRETION definition
the process of removing waste from the body
REPRODUCTION definition
occurs at the cellular and organismal level (mitosis and meiosis)
GROWTH definition
an increase in size of a body part of entire organism
HOMEOSTASIS definition
the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously
What are the 3 components working together to achieve homeostasis?
Receptor, control center, and effector
Receptor
a sensory that monitors the environment and responses to changes
Control center
receives input from the receptor and determines the set point
effector
provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus
Negative Feedback Loop
comprises most homeostatic control mechanisms, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces the intensity
What are the steps in the negative feedback loop?
stimulus
sensor
control
effector
back to stimulus
positive feedback loop
the response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerate
(labor)
what is included in the DORAL CAVITY ?
- Cranial Cavity
- Vertebral Cavity
what is included in the VENTRAL CAVITY?
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominopelvic Cavity
what is included in the THORACIC CAVITY?
- Heart
- Lungs
- Major blood vessels of the heart
what is included in the MEDIASTINUM?
- thymus gland
- Major heart vessels
what is included in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY?
- stomach
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- small intestine
- kidneys
- part of large intestine
what is included in PELVIC CAVITY?
- reproductive organs
- urinary bladder
- part of large intestine
Serous membranes
line the inside walls of the ventral cavities (also cover visceral organs)
parietal layer
attaches to cavity wall
visceral layer
adheres to organ
